ArticleHepatology international2020
Extrahepatic manifestations and healthcare expenditures of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Medicare population.
Article in Hepatology international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in patients with NAFLD or MAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coexisting depression, anxiety and/or stress in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Is Fatty Liver Associated With Depression? A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review on the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Depression and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- A narrative review of lifestyle management guidelines for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2026Review
- Exploring the link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of bidirectional risk.American journal of translational research · 2025Review
- The utility of an artificial intelligence model based on decision tree and evolution algorithm to evaluate steatotic liver disease in a primary care setting.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2025Article
- Anxiety and depression in metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease: relation with socio-demographic features and liver disease severity.Acta diabetologica · 2024Article
- Understanding the Burden of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Time for Action.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2024Article
- Article
- Extracellular Vesicles and Fatty Liver.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- The burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases due to hepatitis B in children and adolescents: results from global burden of disease study 2019.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Depression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with an increased risk of complications and mortality.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Effect of cofactors on NAFLD/NASH and MAFLD. A paradigm illustrating the pathomechanics of organ dysfunction.Metabolism and target organ damage · 2022Article
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Potential Links to Depression, Anxiety, and Chronic Stress.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Detecting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk factors in health databases: accuracy and limitations of the ICD-10-AM.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2021Article
- The effect of comfort nursing on liver function and nursing satisfaction of patients with liver cirrhosis.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a very common liver disease which has been associated with a number of the extrahepatic manifestations (EHMs) and healthcare expenditures. Our aim was to assess the presence and impact of these EHMs of NAFLD on mortality and healthcare expenditures.
methodsMedicare beneficiaries (2005-2016) were included. ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes were used to identify patients with NAFLD and EHMs which included cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension (HTN), diabetes (DM), hyperlipidemia (HL), non-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cancers, and others. Temporal trends among different groups were analyzed by join point regression model. Independent predictors of outcomes were evaluated in multiple generalized linear or logistic regression models.
resultsAmong 30,908,679 Medicare beneficiaries (5% sample of Medicare data from 2005-2016), 1,980,950 (6.4%) had NAFLD diagnosis. From 2005 to 2016, the prevalence of NAFLD in the Medicare population increased at an average annual increase of 3.1%. The most common diseases associated with NAFLD were DM (86.3%), followed by HTN (85.2%), HL (79.8%), and CVD (35.8%). One-year mortality rate in NAFLD patients increased from 3.55 to 6.33 per 1000 from 2005 to 2016. One-year mortality was independently associated with diagnosis of HCC, cirrhosis, DM (outpatient), depression, dementia, lung disease, renal failure, thyroid disorder (inpatient), neurological disorder as well as non-HCC cancers.
conclusionNAFLD is associated with a number of EHMs that increases its mortality and increased healthcare expenditure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.