Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32300295›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in human neuroscience2020

Factors Associated With Virtual Reality Sickness in Head-Mounted Displays: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Dimitrios Saredakis, Ancret Szpak, Brandon Birckhead, Hannah A D Keage, Albert Rizzo, Tobias Loetscher

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 200 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
200citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
52.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05619432 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

VRision Program - Scaling of a Validated Virtual Reality Training Program for Improving Vision in Older Adults

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Health Network, TorontoRan2023 to 2024Enrolled12ConditionsVision, Low, Visual ImpairmentArmsHMD: Immersive VR
NCT05703360 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Effectiveness of Audiovisual Stimulation in Immersive Virtual Reality to Improve Visual Perception and Driving Performance: a Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Health Network, TorontoRan2025 to 2025Enrolled30ConditionsStroke, Visual Impairment, Low Vision, Virtual RealityArmsAudiovisual Stimulation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

200 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 668 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. Application of virtual reality for supportive care in cancer patients: a systematic review.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024
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140 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Dimitrios SaredakisCognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Ancret SzpakCognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Brandon BirckheadDivision of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Hannah A D KeageCognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Albert RizzoInstitute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Tobias LoetscherCognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
University of South Australia · AUSinai Health System · USUniversity of Southern California · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of head-mounted displays (HMD) for virtual reality (VR) application-based purposes including therapy, rehabilitation, and training is increasing. Despite advancements in VR technologies, many users still experience sickness symptoms. VR sickness may be influenced by technological differences within HMDs such as resolution and refresh rate, however, VR content also plays a significant role. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the literature on HMDs that report Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) scores to determine the impact of content. User factors associated with VR sickness were also examined. A systematic search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Fifty-five articles met inclusion criteria, representing 3,016 participants (mean age range 19.5-80; 41% female). Findings show gaming content recorded the highest total SSQ mean 34.26 (95%CI 29.57-38.95). VR sickness profiles were also influenced by visual stimulation, locomotion and exposure times. Older samples (mean age ≥35 years) scored significantly lower total SSQ means than younger samples, however, these findings are based on a small evidence base as a limited number of studies included older users. No sex differences were found. Across all types of content, the pooled total SSQ mean was relatively high 28.00 (95%CI 24.66-31.35) compared with recommended SSQ cut-off scores. These findings are of relevance for informing future research and the application of VR in different contexts.

Indexed as

cybersicknesshead-mounted displaysimulator sicknessvirtual environmentvirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID32300295
PMCPMC7145389
OpenAlexW3014138823

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.