Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32299500›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2020

Attachment style and addictions (alcohol, cigarette, waterpipe and internet) among Lebanese adolescents: a national study.

Laurette Nakhoul, Sahar Obeid, Hala Sacre, Chadia Haddad, Michel Soufia, Rabih Hallit, Marwan Akel, Pascale Salameh, Souheil Hallit

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Mediators of attachment, frailty, and mild cognitive impairment in older adults.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
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  6. Press Play to Feel: The Role of Attachment Styles and Alexithymic Features in Problematic Gaming.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Laurette NakhoulFaculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
Sahar ObeidResearch and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jall-Eddib, Lebanon. saharobeid23@hotmail.com.
Hala SacreINSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.
Chadia HaddadResearch and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jall-Eddib, Lebanon.
Michel SoufiaFaculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
Rabih HallitFaculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
Marwan AkelINSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.
Pascale SalamehINSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.
Souheil HallitFaculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. souheilhallit@hotmail.com.
Holy Spirit University of Kaslik · LBLebanese University · LBInstitut d’Epidémiologie et de Neurologie TropicaleLebanese International University · LB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe prevalence in the Lebanese general population of cigarette and waterpipe smoking, alcohol drinking and internet use seems to be increasing lately. So far, no study was done relating the above to attachment styles in Lebanese adolescents. Consequently, the objective of our study was to assess the relationship between attachment styles (secure, preoccupied, fearful, and dismissing) and addictions (cigarettes, water pipes, alcohol, and internet) among this population.

methodsIt is a cross-sectional study that took place between January and May 2019. Two thousand questionnaires were distributed out of which 1810 (90.5%) were completed and collected back. A proportionate random sample of schools from all Lebanese Mohafazat was used as recruitment method.

resultsA secure attachment style was significantly associated with lower addiction to alcohol, cigarette, and waterpipe, whereas insecure attachment styles (preoccupied, dismissing and fearful) were significantly associated with higher addiction to cigarette, waterpipe, alcohol, and internet.

conclusionLebanese adolescents with insecure attachment had higher rates of addiction to cigarette, waterpipe, alcohol, and internet. They should be closely monitored in order to reduce the risk of future substance use disorder and/or behavioral addiction development.

Indexed as

AdolescentAlcohol DrinkingBehavior, AddictiveCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInternetLebanonMaleObject AttachmentPrevalenceSchoolsSubstance-Related DisordersSurveys and QuestionnairesTobacco ProductsWater Pipe SmokingAddictionAdolescentsAlcoholAttachment stylesCigaretteInternetWaterpipe

Identifiers

PMID32299500
PMCPMC7164203
OpenAlexW3017218408

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.