ArticleBMC public health2020
Psychosocial and environmental determinants of child cognitive development in rural south africa and tanzania: findings from the mal-ed cohort.
Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is Neurodevelopmental Assessment in Early Childhood Predictive of Performance Assessed Later in Childhood and Adolescence in Sub-Saharan Africa? A Systematic Review of the Literature.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of partial correlations between caregiver cognitive stimulation in early childhood and child development.Psychological bulletinPooled it
- Effect of a School-Based Physical Activity and Multi-Micronutrient Supplementation Intervention on Cognitive Function and Academic Achievement Among Schoolchildren in Tanzania: Secondary Outcome from the KaziAfya Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Trial
- Psychosocial determinants of child cognitive development in sub-Saharan early childhood development centres: a systematic review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in children's neurodevelopment before and during primary education: Evidence from Bagamoyo, Tanzania.PloS one · 2026Article
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- Longitudinal habituation and novelty detection neural responses from infancy to early childhood in The Gambia and UK.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- A systematic bibliometric and meta analysis of key factors and emerging AI and ML insights in shaping child cognitive development.Discover mental health · 2025Review
- Perinatal and Childhood Risk Factors of Adverse Early Childhood Developmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review Using a Socioecological Model.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The role of breastfeeding, antibiotics and antimalarial medicinal exposure in paediatric depression amongst children aged under 5: a population-based study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Current Understanding ofCurrent tropical medicine reports · 2024Article
- Examining the influence of child nutritional disorders on early childhood development in Bangladesh: insights from the multiple indicator cluster survey.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- Risk and Protective Factors for Executive Function in Vulnerable South African Preschool-Age Children.Journal of cognition · 2024Article
- Early life adverse environmental, nutrition and infection factors are associated with lower developmental scores in Pakistani children at 5 years: a cohort study.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2024Article
- Article
- Characterising school-age health and function in rural Zimbabwe using the SAHARAN toolbox.PloS one · 2023Article
- Associations of adverse maternal experiences and diabetes on postnatal maternal depression and child social-emotional outcomes in a South African community cohort.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Effects of Environmental Quality Perception on Depression: Subjective Social Class as a Mediator.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Maternal Shared Pleasure, Infant Withdrawal, and Developmental Outcomes in a High Risk Setting in South Africa.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundApproximately 66% of children under the age of 5 in Sub-Saharan African countries do not reach their full cognitive potential, the highest percentage in the world. Because the majority of studies investigating child cognitive development have been conducted in high-income countries (HICs), there is limited knowledge regarding the determinants of child development in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
methodsThis analysis includes 401 mother-child dyads from the South Africa and Tanzania sites of the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) longitudinal birth cohort study. We investigated the effect of psychosocial and environmental determinants on child cognitive development measured by the Wechsler Preschool Primary Scales of Intelligence (WPPSI) at 5 years of age using multivariable linear regression.
resultsSocioeconomic status was most strongly associated with child cognitive development (WPSSI Score Difference (SD):14.27, 95% CI:1.96, 26.59). Modest associations between the organization of the home environment and its opportunities for cognitive stimulation and child cognitive development were also found (SD: 3.08, 95% CI: 0.65, 5.52 and SD: 3.18, 95% CI: 0.59, 5.76, respectively).
conclusionThis study shows a stronger association with child cognitive development at 5 years of age for socioeconomic status compared to more proximal measures of psychosocial and environmental determinants. A better understanding of the role of these factors is needed to inform interventions aiming to alleviate the burden of compromised cognitive development for children in LMICs.
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