Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32298962›Full record

ArticleBreast (Edinburgh, Scotland)2020

Radiological audit of interval breast cancers: Estimation of tumour growth rates.

Emma G MacInnes, Stephen W Duffy, Julie A Simpson, Matthew G Wallis, Anne E Turnbull, Louise S Wilkinson, Keshthra Satchithananda, Rumana Rahim, David Dodwell, Brian V Hogan and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Implementing a Risk-Stratified National Breast Screening Programme in the United Kingdom: A Model-Based Cost-effectiveness Analysis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Emma G MacInnesLeeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. Electronic address: emma.macinnes1@nhs.net.
Stephen W DuffyWolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK. Electronic address: s.w.duffy@qmul.ac.uk.
Julie A SimpsonLeeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. Electronic address: Julie.simpson14@nhs.net.
Matthew G WallisCambridge Breast Unit, And NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, 277 Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. Electronic address: matthew.wallis@addenbrookes.nhs.uk.
Anne E TurnbullUniversity Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3NE, UK. Electronic address: anne.turnbull2@nhs.net.
Louise S WilkinsonOxford Breast Imaging Centre, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK. Electronic address: louise.wilkinson11@nhs.net.
Keshthra SatchithanandaKing's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK. Electronic address: k.satchithananda@nhs.net.
Rumana RahimKing's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK. Electronic address: rumana.rahim@nhs.net.
David DodwellUniversity of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK. Electronic address: david.dodwell@nhs.net.
Brian V HoganLeeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. Electronic address: brian.hogan1@nhs.net.
Oleg BlyussWolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK. Electronic address: o.blyuss@qmul.ac.uk.
Nisha SharmaLeeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. Electronic address: nisha.sharma2@nhs.net.
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust · GBKing's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust · GBQueen Mary University of London · GBCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · GBUniversity Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust · GBUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

Cancer Research UK 21133Medical Research Council MC_U137686858
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis multicentre, retrospective study aimed to establish correlation between estimated tumour volume doubling times (TVDT) from a series of interval breast cancers with their clinicopathological features. The potential impact of delayed diagnosis on prognosis was also explored. MATERIALS AND

methodsInterval cancers, where screening mammograms demonstrated changes that were retrospectively classified as either uncertain or suspicious, were reviewed from five screening units within the UK NHS Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP). Data collected included the time interval between screening mammogram and cancer diagnosis, the size of the initial mammographic abnormality and of the subsequent cancer, demographics, mammographic density and tumour biology. We estimated volume doubling times and the estimated change in size and node status, which would have followed if these cancers had been detected at the previous screen.

results306 interval cancers meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. Average time from screening to diagnosis was 644 days (SD 276 days). 19% were diagnosed in the first twelve months, 42% in the subsequent twelve months and 39% thereafter. Overall average estimated TVDT was 167 days (95% CI 151-186). Significant differences were noted with age (p = 0.01), grade (p < 0.001) and ER status (p < 0.001) with women under 60, grade 3 cancers and ER negative cancers having shorter TVDTs. HER2 positive tumours had shorter doubling times than HER2 negative, but this difference was not statistically significant. It was estimated that diagnosing these cancers at the previous screen would have increased ten-year survival from 82% to 86%.

conclusionHigh grade, ER negativity and younger age were associated with shorter durations of TVDT. The role of HER2 status on interval cancer growth rate requires further assessment. It is likely that the delayed diagnosis of interval cancers confers a 4% reduction in ten-year survival.

Indexed as

Tumor BurdenAgedAged, 80 and overBreast DensityBreast NeoplasmsEarly Detection of CancerFemaleHumansMammographyMiddle AgedNeoplasm GradingRetrospective StudiesState MedicineTime FactorsUnited KingdomBreast cancerMammographyScreening

Identifiers

PMID32298962
PMCPMC7375675
OpenAlexW3014548809

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.