ReviewBrain, behavior, and immunity2020
Are we facing a crashing wave of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19? Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms.
Review in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04397328 (Safety and Efficacy of Post-exposure Prophylaxis With Hydroxychloroquine), which is not on this map. Cited by 473 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Safety and Efficacy of Post-exposure Prophylaxis With Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for the Prevention of COVID-19 in High-risk Older Individuals in Long-term and Specialized Care: A Double-blind Randomized Control Trial
Who cites it
473 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 982 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global trends in research of neuroimmune in lung diseases over past decade: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review and evidence gap mapping of biomarkers associated with neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Evidence from a meta-analysis and systematic review reveals the global prevalence of mild cognitive impairment.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Risk of Suicidal and Self-Harm Thoughts and Behaviour: A Systematic Review.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 and first manic episodes: a systematic review.Psychiatry research · 2022Pooled it
- Neurological and Head/Eyes/Ears/Nose/Throat Manifestations of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques · 2022Pooled it
- Delirium and other neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 infection in people with preexisting psychiatric disorders: a systematic review.Journal of medical case reports · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of aerobic training on cardiopulmonary fitness in patients with long COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial.Trials · 2024Trial
- Experiences of people with long COVID: Symptoms, support strategies and the Long COVID Optimal Health Programme (LC-OHP).Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024Trial
- The Nexus of Sports-Based Development and Education of Mental Health and Physical Fitness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Pre-COVID-19 body mass index and post-acute cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neuropsychiatric outcomes among children and young adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection: An EHR-based cohort study from the RECOVER Initiative.The Journal of infection · 2026Article
- Study of Chemosensory Enhancement through Neuromodulation Training (SCENT): Design and methodology of a randomized clinical trial for COVID-related persistent smell dysfunction.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Comparison of Antipsychotics in the Treatment of COVID-19-Induced First-Episode Psychosis: A Review of Case Studies.Cureus · 2026Review
- Trends in self-reported lifetime diagnosed depression and health behaviours in Poland, 2019/2020-2023/2024: a repeated cross-sectional study of 1.2 million adults.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health: Sociodemographic Differences and the Moderating Effect of Religiosity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and severity of anxiety, stress, and depression among adults with long COVID in Barcelona: a cross-sectional study.BJGP open · 2025Article
- The Association Between Childhood Trauma, Emotional Dysregulation, and Depressive Symptoms' Severity in Patients with Obesity Seeking Bariatric Surgery.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Insights on the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying hippocampus-dependent memory impairment in COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unveiling the neuroprotective potential of Jatropha humboldtiana leaves and its metabolic profiling by UPLC-MS/MS.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
413 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a significant psychological stressor in addition to its tremendous impact on every facet of individuals' lives and organizations in virtually all social and economic sectors worldwide. Fear of illness and uncertainty about the future precipitate anxiety- and stress-related disorders, and several groups have rightfully called for the creation and dissemination of robust mental health screening and treatment programs for the general public and front-line healthcare workers. However, in addition to pandemic-associated psychological distress, the direct effects of the virus itself (several acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2), and the subsequent host immunologic response, on the human central nervous system (CNS) and related outcomes are unknown. We discuss currently available evidence of COVID-19 related neuropsychiatric sequelae while drawing parallels to past viral pandemic-related outcomes. Past pandemics have demonstrated that diverse types of neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as encephalopathy, mood changes, psychosis, neuromuscular dysfunction, or demyelinating processes, may accompany acute viral infection, or may follow infection by weeks, months, or longer in recovered patients. The potential mechanisms are also discussed, including viral and immunological underpinnings. Therefore, prospective neuropsychiatric monitoring of individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 at various points in the life course, as well as their neuroimmune status, are needed to fully understand the long-term impact of COVID-19, and to establish a framework for integrating psychoneuroimmunology into epidemiologic studies of pandemics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.