ArticleExperimental and clinical psychopharmacology2021
Influence of menthol and green apple e-liquids containing different nicotine concentrations among youth e-cigarette users.
Article in Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of "ice" components in sweet-flavored nicotine-containing e-liquids among young adult e-cigarette users.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Assessing the abuse liability of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-authorized electronic nicotine delivery systems: Impact of nicotine flux, flavor, and menthol cigarette smoking status.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Water addition to e-liquids to reduce flavour aldehyde acetal formation: chemistry and user sensory experience and appeal.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Coolants, organic acids, flavourings and other additives that facilitate inhalation of tobacco and nicotine products: implications for regulation.Tobacco control · 2026Review
- Sex differences in appeal, reward, and sensory experience of E-cigarette flavors among adults who smoke cigarettes.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Ice flavours and non-menthol synthetic cooling agents in e-cigarette products: a review.Tobacco control · 2023Review
- Device and liquid characteristics used with sweet, menthol/mint, and tobacco ENDS liquid flavors: The population-based VAPER study.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- Appeal of e-cigarette flavors: Differences between never and ever use of combustible cigarettes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- High-CBD Cannabis Vapor Attenuates Opioid Reward and Partially Modulates Nociception in Female Rats.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Chemical Flavorants in Vaping Products Alter Neurobiology in a Sex-Dependent Manner to Promote Vaping-Related Behaviors.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Characterizing different-flavored e-cigarette solutions from user-reported sensory attributes and appeal.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Beyond the label: current evidence and future directions for the interrelationship between electronic cigarettes and mental health.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
- Chemosensory Contributions of E-Cigarette Additives on Nicotine Use.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Editorial: Pharmacological and behavioral effects of added flavorants on tobacco addiction.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Exposure to fruit-flavoring during adolescence increases nicotine consumption and promotes dose escalation.Neuropharmacology · 2021Article
- Acute subjective sensory perceptions predict relative reinforcing effects of smoked nicotine.Addictive behaviors · 2021Article
- Both Nonsmoking Youth and Smoking Adults Like Sweet and Minty E-liquid Flavors More Than Tobacco Flavor.Chemical senses · 2021Article
- 9. Flavours in novel and emerging nicotine and tobacco products.World Health Organization technical report series · 2021Article
- History repeats itself: Role of characterizing flavors on nicotine use and abuse.Neuropharmacology · 2020Review
- Adolescent Substance Use and the Brain: Behavioral, Cognitive and Neuroimaging Correlates.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
E-cigarettes are popular among adolescents. Given that flavors enhance e-cigarette appeal, this study examined the influence of flavors on nicotine in e-cigarettes. Youth e-cigarette users (average 26.2 days [SD = 3.6] in past 28 days) were randomized to use e-cigarettes containing 6 or 12 mg/mL of freebase nicotine and completed 4 test sessions. During the first 3 test sessions, participants completed 3 fixed puffing bouts (1 puffing bout = 10 puffs, 3 s each, 30-s interval), using menthol, green-apple, and unflavored e-liquids (50 propylene glycol [PG]/50 vegetable glycerin [VG]) with their assigned nicotine concentration in a random order using a ∼5.5-W V2 e-cigarette device. After each puffing bout, participants assessed subjective effects of nicotine and flavor. In the 4th test session, participants used any of the e-liquids they had tried in the earlier sessions, ad libitum for 60 min and the amount of e-liquid used for each flavor and the number of puffs was assessed. Participants (n = 49; 6 mg/mL [n = 24]; 12 mg/mL [n = 25]) were 63.3% male, 65.3% non-Hispanic White with an average age of 18.7 (SD = 0.9). Mixed models analysis revealed that green apple and 6 mg/mL of nicotine independently increased liking of e-cigarette taste. In addition, green apple produced higher ratings of fruitiness, sourness, sweetness, and menthol produced higher ratings of coolness. We did not observe any interactions between nicotine and flavor. Youth liked the taste of e-liquids containing green-apple flavor or low nicotine concentration which highlights the appeal of fruit flavors in e-cigarettes to adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.