Observational studyDiabetes care2020
Dietary Manganese, Plasma Markers of Inflammation, and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women: Findings From the Women's Health Initiative.
Observational study in Diabetes care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Serum Manganese, Cobalt, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, and Iodine Levels, and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Nested Case-control Study.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Trace Elements in the Pancreas: From Physiological Homeostasis to the Pathogenesis of Diabetes, Pancreatitis, and Cancer-A Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Association Between Blood Lead Levels and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Cross-sectional Analysis of NHANES Data (1999-2018).Current molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Adhering to Healthy Dietary Patterns Prevents Cognitive Decline of Older Adults with Sarcopenia: The Mr. OS and Ms. OS Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Trace elements: Clinical perspectives in the critically ill.Journal of the Intensive Care Society · 2025Review
- Dietary mineral patterns are associated with the pre-diabetes regression and progression: the Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS).BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Pregnancy Metal Mixtures and Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Mid-Life: A Prospective U.S. Cohort Study.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Article
- Association of placental manganese levels, maternal gut microbiota, and preeclampsia: a tripartite perspective.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Association between blood heavy metals and diabetic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Evaluation of Selected Trace Elements in Blood, Serum and Blood Cells of Type 2 Diabetes Patients with and without Renal Disorder.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Antioxidant Minerals Modified the Association between Iron and Type 2 Diabetes in a Chinese Population.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Association between serum heavy metal levels and diabetic retinopathy in NHANES 2011-2020.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Dietary Protein Sources, Mediating Biomarkers, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the Women's Health Initiative and the UK Biobank.Diabetes care · 2022Article
- Association between serum manganese levels and diabetes in Chinese adults with hypertension.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2022Article
- Long-term association of serum selenium levels and the diabetes risk: Findings from a case-control study nested in the prospective Jinchang Cohort.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- The Association Between Fasting Blood Sugar and Index of Nutritional Quality in Adult Women.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Associations of Dietary Antioxidants with Glycated Hemoglobin and Insulin Sensitivity in Adults with and without Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes research · 2022Article
- Nutrients and Dietary Approaches in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Associations of Habitual Mineral Intake with New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes after Acute Pancreatitis.Nutrients · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the association between manganese intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women and determine whether this association is mediated by circulating markers of inflammation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe included 84,285 postmenopausal women without a history of diabetes from the national Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). Replication analysis was then conducted among 62,338 women who participated in the WHI-Clinical Trial (WHI-CT). Additionally, data from a case-control study of 3,749 women nested in the WHI-OS with information on biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were examined using mediation analysis to determine the relative contributions of these known biomarkers by which manganese affects type 2 diabetes risk.
resultsCompared with the lowest quintile of energy-adjusted dietary manganese, WHI-OS participants in the highest quintile had a 30% lower risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70 [95% CI 0.65, 0.76]). A consistent association was also confirmed in the WHI-CT (HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.73, 0.85]). In the nested case-control study, higher energy-adjusted dietary manganese was associated with lower circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers that significantly mediated the association between dietary manganese and type 2 diabetes risk. Specifically, 19% and 12% of type 2 diabetes risk due to manganese were mediated through interleukin 6 and hs-CRP, respectively.
conclusionsHigher intake of manganese was directly associated with a lower type 2 diabetes risk independent of known risk factors. This association may be partially mediated by inflammatory biomarkers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.