ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2020
Secular trend analysis of antibiotic utilisation in China's hospitals 2011-2018, a retrospective analysis of procurement data.
Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Consumption of systemic antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital in Northern Sri Lanka: a five-year trend analysis.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Trends and relationship between antibiotic consumption and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria at a tertiary hospital in shaanxi, China from 2011 to 2023.New microbes and new infections · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial activity of lefamulin against pathogens most commonly causing community-acquired pneumonia: results from the China antimicrobial surveillance network in 2020-2022.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Study of fluoroquinolones resistance in rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients in Beijing: Characteristics, trends, and treatment outcomes.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- National consumption of antimicrobials in Tanzania: 2020-2022.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Determining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of antibiotics in Shaanxi province, China: an interrupted time-series analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in China across human, animal, and environment sectors - a review of policy documents using a governance framework.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Review
- Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns in Children among Primary Healthcare Institutions in China: A Nationwide Retrospective Study, 2017-2019.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Antibiotic appropriateness at outpatient settings in Ethiopia: the need for an antibiotic stewardship programme.Drugs in context · 2024Article
- Secular trend analysis of antibiotic utilisation in some hospitals in Southern Sichuan from 2010 to 2020.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Inpatient antibacterial use trends and patterns, China, 2013-2021.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2023Article
- Trends and Patterns of Antibiotic Prescriptions in Primary Care Institutions in Southwest China, 2017-2022.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Overuse of Antibiotics: Who is to Blame? A Qualitative Study.International journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Trends of Fixed-Dose Combination Antibiotic Consumption in Hospitals in China: Analysis of Data from the Center for Antibacterial Surveillance, 2013-2019.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Influence of Government Price Regulation on the Price, Volume and Spending of Antibiotics in China: A Controlled Interrupted Time Series Study.International journal of health policy and management · 2022Article
- Transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Beijing, China: An epidemiological and genomic analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Antibiotic Use in China's Public Healthcare Institutions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Nationwide Procurement Data, 2018-2020.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Weighing patient attributes in antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections: A discrete choice experiment on primary care physicians in Hubei Province, China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Annual consumption of parenteral antibiotics in a tertiary hospital of Nepal, 2017-2019: a cross-sectional study.Public health action · 2021Article
- Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns and Appropriateness for Children in Primary Healthcare Settings in Beijing City, China, 2017-2019.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study was aimed to explore the secular trends of antibiotic utilisation in China's hospitals over an 8-year period.
methodsWe retrospectively analysed aggregated monthly antibiotic procurement data of 586 hospitals from 28 provinces in China from January 2011 to December 2018. Information including generic name, procurement amount, dosage form, strength, the route of administration, and geographical data were collected. Population weighted antibiotic utilisation were expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). WHO's 'Access, Watch, Reserve' categorization was also adopted to analyse antibiotic utilisation.
resultsBetween 2011 and 2018, total antibiotic utlisation in China's hospitals increased by 39.6% (from 4.8 DID in 2010 to 6.7 DID in 2018). Antibiotic utilisation was stable or had moderately decreased in 13 provinces, while in the other 15 provinces they had substantially increased. Cephalosporins were the most consumed antibiotics, accounting for 26.9% of the total antibiotic utilisation (1.8 DID/6.7 DID). In 2018, antibiotics in the Access category comprised 19.4% of the total utilisation (1.3 DID/6.7 DID), where antibiotics in the Watch category comprised the largest proportion of 71.6% (4.8 DID/6.7 DID). Population-weighted antibiotic utlisation was greater in secondary hospitals than in tertiary hospitals (7.3 DID vs 6.6 DID). The utilisation of oral forms was almost two times the amount of parenteral forms in secondary hospitals, whereas in tertiary hospitals the amounts were about the same.
conclusionsDespite efforts have been made towards restricting antibiotic use by the Chinese government, antibiotic utilisation demonstrated an upward trend after the medical reform. The increase of last-resort antibiotics raises serious concern for public health. Current patterns of antibiotic utilisation demonstrated that gaps are existed towards the global target set up by the WHO. To better facilitate proper antibiotic use, more efforts are needed to explore the appropriateness of antibiotic use at the individual level.
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