ArticleRespiratory research2020
Different expression levels of interleukin-35 in asthma phenotypes.
Article in Respiratory research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interleukin-35 as a key immunoregulatory mediator in steroid-hyporesponsive severe asthma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical application, potential pharmacological targets and quality marker prediction of a TCM formulation used (Shenling Baizhu San) in the treatment of respiratory diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- To investigate the function of age-related genes in different subtypes of asthma based on bioinformatics analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Down-regulation of SHP2 promotes neutrophil autophagy and inhibits neutrophil extracellular trap formation to alleviate asthma through the ERK5 pathway.Central-European journal of immunology · 2024Article
- Role and regulators of NFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Human interleukin-12α and EBI3 are cytokines with anti-inflammatory functions.Science advances · 2023Article
- Interaction of S100A6 Protein with the Four-Helical Cytokines.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- NJK14047 Suppression of the p38 MAPK Ameliorates OVA-Induced Allergic Asthma during Sensitization and Challenge Periods.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2023Article
- DNA methylome-based validation of induced sputum as an effective protocol to study lung immunity: construction of a classifier of pulmonary cell types.Epigenetics · 2022Article
- IL-35 inhibits cell pyroptosis and attenuates cell injury in TNF-α-induced bronchial epithelial cells via p38 MAPK signaling pathway.Bioengineered · 2022Article
- Autophagy-Related Genes Are Involved in the Progression and Prognosis of Asthma and Regulate the Immune Microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The chemokine CX3CL1/fractalkine regulates immunopathogenesis during fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2021Article
- IL-35 Regulates the Function of Immune Cells in Tumor Microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The Role of IL-35 in the Pathophysiological Processes of Liver Disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInterleukin (IL)-35 is a newly discovered inhibitory cytokine which is produced by regulatory B and T lymphocytes and belongs to the IL-12 family. It plays a suppressive role in human inflammatory diseases; however, its role in asthma phenotypes is unclear. Our study focuses on the sputum IL-35 level in patients and investigates different airway inflammation capacities of sputum IL-35 in patients with different asthma phenotypes.
objectiveWe aimed to determine the sputum IL-35 levels in asthmatic patients with clinical remission phenotypes and control subjects and to investigate possible correlations among lung function, age, sex, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and smoking history in these phenotypes.
methodsSputum samples were collected from patients with clinical asthma remission (n = 89, 37 males, age 52.24 ± 13.32 years) and a healthy control group (n = 19, 9 males, age 44.58 ± 16.3 years). All subjects underwent sputum induction. Induced sputum was assessed for inflammatory cell count, and sputum levels of IL-35 and other cytokines were measured by ELISA and Cytometric Bead Array, respectively.
resultsSputum IL-35 (median (q1, q3)) levels showed no significant difference between asthma patients (4.89 ng/mL (2.97, 22.75)) and healthy controls (6.01 ng/mL (4.09, 30.47)). However, the sputum IL-35 level was significantly reduced in patients with eosinophilic asthma (EA) (3.95 ng/mL (2.80, 11.00)) compared to patients with neutrophilic asthma (NA) (40.59 ng/mL (20.59, 65.06), p = 0.002), paucigranulocytic asthma (PA) (6.25 ng/mL (3.10, 24.60), p = 0.012), and mixed granulocytic asthma (MA) (22.54 ng/mL (2.58, 52.45), p = 0.026). IL-35 levels in sputum showed a positive correlation with sputum neutrophil cells and a negative correlation with FeNO, FEV1% predicted, and FVC predicted. Furthermore, sputum IL-35 had a significant positive association with Th1-related factors and a negative correlation with Th2-related factors.
conclusionsSputum IL-35 is likely involved in different pathophysiological mechanisms of NA and EA and exerts different effects in asthma phenotypes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.