Trial reportInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Health Outcomes of an Integrated Behaviour-Centred Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Food Safety Intervention-A Randomised before and after Trial.
Trial report in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Evaluating effectiveness of protective interventions towards environmental contamination among under-five children: systematic review and meta-analysis in Africa.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of domestic food hygiene interventions on the microbiological quality of child food and childhood diarrhoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevention of human exposure to livestock faecal waste in the household: a scoping study of interventions conducted in sub-Saharan Africa.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of interventions to improve drinking water, sanitation, and handwashing with soap on risk of diarrhoeal disease in children in low-income and middle-income settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of a Homestead Food Production Program on the Prevalence of Diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infection in Children in Sylhet, Bangladesh: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Trial
- User experiences with food storage in a meatsafe (mesh-covered food storage cabinet) in an informal settlement in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Evaluating the impact of a low-cost food storage intervention on complementary food contamination and diarrheal disease in low-income urban households: A randomized controlled trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Behavioral patterns in latrine use and handwashing in rural western Kenya: Age, time of day, and the role of perceived safety.PloS one · 2026Article
- The Hygienic Significance of Microbiota and Probiotics for Human Wellbeing.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Everyone Intervention Study: Protocol for a Controlled Before-and-After Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- A mixed-methods nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey of IDPs, returnees, and host community members in four counties of Jonglei state, South Sudan.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Hygiene and food safety practices among mothers as predictors of diarrhea risk in toddlers in Purwawinangun Village, West Java, Indonesia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Café Food Safety and Its Impacts on Intention to Reuse and Switch Cafés during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Starbucks.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Does Poor Mental Health Impair the Effectiveness of Complementary Food Hygiene Behavior Change Intervention in Rural Malawi?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Preparedness for and impact of COVID-19 on primary health care delivery in urban and rural Malawi: a mixed methods study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Process Evaluation of "The Hygienic Family" Intervention: A Community-Based Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Project in Rural Malawi.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Diarrhoeal outcomes in young children depend on diarrhoeal cases of other household members: a cross-sectional study of 16,025 people in rural Uganda.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Urban Water Access and Use in the Kivus: Evaluating Behavioural Outcomes Following an Integrated WASH Intervention in Goma and Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Integrated Approach in Addressing Undernutrition in Developing Countries: A Scoping Review of Integrated Water Access, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) + Nutrition Interventions.Current developments in nutrition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diarrhoeal disease in children under five in low income settings has been associated with multiple environmental exposure pathways, including complementary foods. Conducted from February to December 2018 in rural Malawi, this before and after trial with a control used diarrhoeal disease as a primary outcome, to measure the impact of a food hygiene intervention (food hygiene + handwashing) relative to a food hygiene and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention (food hygiene + handwashing + faeces management + water management). The 31-week intervention was delivered by community-based coordinators through community events (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.