SynthesisJournal of medical virology2020
The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of COVID-19: A systemic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of medical virology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 388 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
388 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 770 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of systemic complications of COVID-19 in critically ill patients: systematic review with meta-analysis.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2025Pooled it
- Organokines in COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Cells · 2023Pooled it
- The impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases: a systematic review of reviews.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Pre-existing health conditions and severe COVID-19 outcomes: an umbrella review approach and meta-analysis of global evidence.BMC medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Effect modification of the association between comorbidities and severe course of COVID-19 disease by age of study participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Association of substance use with outcomes in mildly ill COVID-19 outpatients.The American journal of emergency medicine · 2023Trial
- Examining reactions to smoking and COVID-19 risk messages: An experimental study with people who smoke.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Trial
- Incidence and risk factors for persistent symptoms in adults previously hospitalized for COVID-19.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2021Trial
- Article
- A Quarter-Century of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Intensive Care Unit (2000-2025): A Bibliometric Roadmap of Thematic Evolution and Future Frontiers.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
- Expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry-associated proteins in COPD airways: an immunohistochemical study.The Journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Assessment of smoking exposure by urine cotinine levels in severe COVID-19 patients: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes in Ireland: findings from a national database of 1,408,249 cases diagnosed between 2020 and 2022.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association of Inhaled Corticosteroid Use with COVID-19 Severity and Hospitalization in Patients With and Without Respiratory Disease.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2025Article
- Efficient and scalable construction of clinical variable networks for complex diseases with RAMEN.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- Unveiling the hidden effect of multi-morbidities on the severity of Covid-19: a latent class analysis approach.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Smoking Rates and Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients at Masih Deneshvari Hospital.Tanaffos · 2025Article
- Antiviral roles of eosinophils in asthma and respiratory viral infection.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Review
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tobacco product consumption and behavioral patterns from a low-middle income country perspective: A qualitative study.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Article
- Comprehensive assessment of COVID-19 case fatality rate and influential factors in Khuzestan Province, Iran: a two-year study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
328 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Comorbidities are associated with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This meta-analysis aimed to explore the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ongoing smoking history. A comprehensive systematic literature search was carried out to find studies published from December 2019 to 22 March 2020 from five databases. The languages of literature included English and Chinese. The point prevalence of severe COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing COPD and those with ongoing smoking was evaluated with this meta-analysis. Overall 11 case series, published either in Chinese or English language with a total of 2002 cases, were included in this study. The pooled OR of COPD and the development of severe COVID-19 was 4.38 (fixed-effects model; 95% CI: 2.34-8.20), while the OR of ongoing smoking was 1.98 (fixed-effects model; 95% CI: 1.29-3.05). There was no publication bias as examined by the funnel plot and Egger's test (P = not significant). The heterogeneity of included studies was moderate for both COPD and ongoing smoking history on the severity of COVID-19. COPD and ongoing smoking history attribute to the worse progression and outcome of COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.