ArticleParasites & vectors2020
Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria immitis infections in Italy, 2009-2019: changing distribution patterns.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- World Association for Veterinary Dermatology Consensus Statement for Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment and Prevention of Canine Leishmaniosis.Veterinary dermatology · 2025Guideline
- Co-infections of rickettsiales in clinically healthy, Leishmania infantum seropositive and seronegative dogs: a systematic literature review and new findings from Southern Italy.Parasitology research · 2025Pooled it
- Updated Canine Leishmaniosis Working Group recommendations for leishmaniosis in dogs: Q&A on clinical management.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Entomological survey of Dirofilaria spp. in Sardinia (Italy): molecular detection and mosquito species distribution.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Zoonotic leishmaniasis in China: Current status and challenges to elimination.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Leishmania infantum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes): from clinical findings to cytokine expression.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Canine vector-borne diseases: a changing world demands a new preventive strategy from veterinarians.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Parasitic surveillance in wolves of central Italy: a focus on the Abruzzo region.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Leishmania Infection: A Bioorganic Model Under the Light of Benchtop Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.Biological procedures online · 2026Article
- A digital repository of samples from arthropod vectors.Pathogens and global health · 2026Article
- Design of Hybrid Quinoline-Chalcone Compounds AgainstPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae in outdoor cats and report of infection in feline-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of afoxolaner (NexGard®) in a collection of captive-bred lizards for the treatment and control of mite infestation.International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Article
- Seasonal variation of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies and laboratory abnormalities in dogs with leishmaniosis.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Juvenile Canine Leishmaniosis: A Systematic Literature Review and an Atypical Clinical Case.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Current Distribution of Selected Vector-borne Diseases in Domestic Dogs From Bucharest, Romania.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Canine leishmaniosis and peripheral neuropathy: a lesson from the neurologist.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Preliminary data on the vector competence of Aedes caspius for Dirofililaria immitis in a traditionally endemic area of northern Italy.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Imported case of canine viscerocutaneous leishmaniasis in South Korea: clinical presentation and diagnostic approach in a Labrador Retriever.Journal of veterinary science · 2025Article
- Current Enzooticity ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFor long time, canine leishmaniosis (CanL) was considered endemic in the southern, central, and insular regions of Italy, whereas heartworm disease (HW) caused by Dirofilaria immitis was considered endemic in the northern region and in the swampy Po Valley. Following the reports of new foci of both diseases, in this study we update the distribution patterns and occurrence of new foci of CanL and HW discussing the main drivers for the changes in the epidemiology of these two important zoonotic canine vector-borne diseases.
methodsBased on the statistical analyses of serological assays (n = 90,633) on L. infantum exposure and D. immitis infection performed by two reference diagnostic centres in Italy over a ten-year period (2009-2019) irrespective of the anamnesis of dogs. The distribution patterns of both parasites are herein presented along with the occurrence of new foci.
resultsResults highlighted the changing distribution patterns of L. infantum vs D. immitis infection in Italy. CanL is endemic in some areas of northern regions and HW has endemic foci in central and southern regions and islands. Significant differences in L. infantum exposure and HW infection prevalence among the study macroareas were detected. The overall results of the positive tested samples were 28.2% in southern Italy and islands, 29.6% in central Italy and 21.6% in northern Italy for L. infantum and 2.83% in northern Italy, 7.75% in central Italy and 4.97% in southern Italy and islands for HW. HW positivity significantly varied over years (χ
conclusionsNew potential epidemiological scenarios are discussed according to a range of factors (e.g. environmental modifications, occurrence of competent insect vectors, transportation of infected animals to non-endemic areas, chemoprophylaxis or vector preventative measures), which may affect the current distribution. Overall, the results advocate for epidemiological surveillance programmes, more focussed preventative and control measures even in areas where few or no cases of both diseases have been diagnosed.
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