Trial reportTrials2020
Can hypnosis and virtual reality reduce anxiety, pain and fatigue among patients who undergo cardiac surgery: a randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in Trials, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03820700 (The Influence of Non-pharmacological Medical Approaches Such as Hypnosis and Virtual Reality to Reduce Pain and Anxiety Before and After a Cardiovascular Surgery. A Randomized Study.), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Influence of Non-pharmacological Medical Approaches Such as Hypnosis and Virtual Reality to Reduce Pain and Anxiety Before and After a Cardiovascular Surgery. A Randomized Study.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on pain in wound patients during dressing change: A systematic review.Nursing open · 2024Pooled it
- Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of virtual reality in reducing pain and anxiety during oocyte retrieval: a randomized controlled trial.BMC women's health · 2026Trial
- Virtual reality and hypnosis for symptom alleviation before bone marrow procedure.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Effect of Virtual Reality Hypnosis on Pain Threshold and Neurophysiological and Autonomic Biomarkers in Healthy Volunteers: Prospective Randomized Crossover Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Trial
- Complementary treatment comparison for chronic pain management: A randomized longitudinal study.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Virtual Reality for Anxiety and Pain Management in Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Using virtual reality hypnosis during stem cell transplant for patients in hematology: A protocol for a feasibility randomized study.PloS one · 2026Article
- The Use of Virtual Reality for Pain and Anxiety Reduction: A Literature Review.Acta medica Lituanica · 2026Review
- Patient-Centered Cardiac Surgery: Psychosocial Challenges, Evidence-Based Interventions, and Future Horizons.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effects of Virtual Reality Meditation on Sleep and Delirium in ICU Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Computers, informatics, nursing : CIN · 2025Article
- Can Virtual Reality Technology Reduce Anxiety Before a Cesarean Section in Primigravida Women?Health science reports · 2025Article
- Current limitations in technology-based cognitive assessment for severe mental illnesses: a focus on feasibility, reliability, and ecological validity.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Review
- Multimodal non-invasive non-pharmacological therapies for chronic pain: mechanisms and progress.BMC medicine · 2023Review
- Virtual and augmented reality in intensive care medicine: a systematic review.Annals of intensive care · 2023Review
- Sensory stimulations potentializing digital therapeutics pain control.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Virtual and augmented reality in critical care medicine: the patient's, clinician's, and researcher's perspective.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Review
- Hypnosis associated with 3D immersive virtual reality technology during bronchoscopy under local anesthesia.Journal of thoracic disease · 2022Article
- Virtual Reality Hypnosis in the Electrophysiology Lab: When Human Treatments Are Better than Virtual Ones.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Clinical Practice, Teaching, and Research in Complementary and Alternative Medicine.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Review
- The effect of a smartphone-based perioperative nursing intervention: prayer, education, exercise therapy, hypnosis, and music toward pain, anxiety, and early mobilization on cardiac surgery.Journal of public health research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDifferent non-pharmacological techniques, including hypnosis and virtual reality (VR) are currently used as complementary tools in the treatment of anxiety, acute and chronic pain. A new technique called virtual reality hypnosis (VRH), which encompasses a combination of both tools, is regularly used although its benefits and underlying mechanisms remain unknown to date. With the goal to improve our understanding of VRH combination effects, it is necessary to conduct randomised and controlled research trials in order to understand their clinical interest and potential benefits.
methodsPatients (n = 100) undergoing cardiac surgery at the Liège University Hospital will be randomly assigned to one of four conditions (control, hypnosis, VR or VRH). Each patient will receive two sessions of one of the techniques: one the day before the surgery and one the day after. Physiological assessments will be made on the monitor and patients will rate their levels of anxiety, fatigue, pain, absorption and dissociation. DISCUSSION: This study will help to expand knowledge on the application of virtual reality, hypnosis and VRH in the specific context of cardiac and intensive care procedures, and the influence of these non-pharmacological techniques on patient's anxiety, fatigue, pain and phenomenological experience.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03820700. Date registered on 29 January 2019. Study recruitment date: October 6, 2018. Study anticipated completion date: December 28, 2020.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.