ArticleBMC nephrology2020
Timing of kidney biopsy in type 2 diabetic patients: a stepwise approach.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Alpha-Defensins 3 and 5 in Diabetic Complications: Associations with Nephropathy and Metabolic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Clinical Model Predicting Presence of Diabetic Nephropathy in Renal Biopsy Performed on Patients with Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Application Value of A Clinical Radiomic Nomogram for Identifying Diabetic Nephropathy and Nondiabetic Renal DiseaseCurrent medical imaging · 2025Article
- A Machine Learning Model for Predicting Diabetic Nephropathy Based on TG/Cys-C Ratio and Five Clinical Indicators.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- The overlooked tool: kidney biopsy in progressive renal decline of type 2 diabetes patients.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2025Article
- Kidney Biopsy Findings Among Patients With Diabetes in the Cleveland Clinic Kidney Biopsy Epidemiology Project.Kidney medicine · 2024Article
- The role of kidney biopsy in deciphering diabetic versus non-diabetic origin of kidney disease among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nephrotic range proteinuria: A retrospective study.Metabolism open · 2024Article
- Correlation between retinal vascular geometric parameters and pathologically diagnosed type 2 diabetic nephropathy.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Complement Cascade Proteins Correlate with Fibrosis and Inflammation in Early-Stage Type 1 Diabetic Kidney Disease in the Ins2Akita Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Clinico-pathological features of diabetic and non-diabetic renal diseases in type 2 diabetic patients: a retrospective study from a 10-year experience in a single center.International urology and nephrology · 2023Article
- Analysis of clinical predictors of kidney diseases in type 2 diabetes patients based on machine learning.International urology and nephrology · 2023Article
- Clinical predictors for nondiabetic kidney diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study from 2017 to 2021.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Article
- Manifestation of rs1888747 polymorphisms in the FRMD3 gene in diabetic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most prevalent cause of renal disease in type 2 diabetic patients and is usually diagnosed clinically. A kidney biopsy is considered when non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) is suspected, such as rapid progression in renal function impairment and severe proteinuria. Still, there is yet no consensus on the timing of kidney biopsy in type 2 diabetic patients. This study aims to identify markers that can help differentiate between DN and NDRD and guide the decision of kidney biopsy.
methodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with type 2 diabetes who received kidney biopsy from 2008 to 2017 at Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Ophthalmologist consultation and outpatient records, diagnosis of kidney biopsy, laboratory data, and clinical characteristics were collected.
resultsThis study enrolled 160 type 2 diabetic patients, among which 120 (75%) had isolated DN and 40 (25%) had NDRD ± DN (26 had isolated NDRD, and 14 had NDRD superimposed on DN). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, DM duration (odds ratio [OR]: 0.907; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.842-0.977; P = 0.01), diabetic retinopathy (OR: 0.196; 95% CI: 0.061-0.627; P = 0.006), and urinary RBC (OR: 1.068; 95% CI: 1.024-1.115; P = 0.002) were independent predictors of NDRD. In patients with diabetic retinopathy (n = 112, 70%), the presence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, pan-retinal photocoagulation, and hematuria were factors predicting NDRD; and in patients without diabetic retinopathy (n = 48, 30%), short DM duration and hematuria were factors predicting NDRD.
conclusionsUsing diabetic retinopathy, DM duration, and hematuria, we developed a 3-step approach to stratify patients into three categories with the different likelihoods of having NDRD. Then different strategies could be taken accordingly. Our stepwise approach is easy to follow and may serve as an appropriate and useful tool to help clinicians in making decisions of kidney biopsy in type 2 DM patients presenting with kidney diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.