ArticleGastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association2020
Uptake and tumor-suppressive pathways of exosome-associated GKN1 protein in gastric epithelial cells.
Article in Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biology and Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes, Targeted Drug Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- New proteomic signature in circulating extracellular vesicles from tumor-draining and peripheral veins of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Exosomes in inflammatory tissue injury: key pathogenic factors and promising therapeutic agents.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Orchestrating Tumor Metastasis: Exosomes as Master Regulators of the Local and Distant Microenvironment.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- A novel manganese metabolism- and immune-related prognostic risk model for acute myeloid leukemia.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Exosomes and their cargo proteins in diagnosis, process and treatment of gastric cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Exosome-derived proteins in gastric cancer progression, drug resistance, and immune response.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle uptake and implications for the design of cancer therapeutics.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Review
- Gastrokine 1 transferred by gastric cancer exosomes inhibits growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs)' journey in recipient cells: from recognition to cargo release.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2024Review
- Methods, Mechanisms, and Application Prospects for Enhancing Extracellular Vesicle Uptake.Current medical science · 2024Review
- Therapeutic Applications of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The biological role of extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer metastasis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Circulating Proteins as Diagnostic Markers in Gastric Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Plasma exosomal protein PLG and SERPINA1 in colorectal cancer diagnosis and coagulation abnormalities.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Research progress on exosomal proteins as diagnostic markers of gastric cancer (review article).Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Effects of Co-Culture EBV-miR-BART1-3p on Proliferation and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells Based on Exosomes.Cancers · 2023Article
- Non-Coding RNAs Modulating Estrogen Signaling and Response to Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles' Role in the Pathophysiology and as Biomarkers in Cystic Fibrosis and COPD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGastrokine 1 (GKN1) is a stomach-specific tumor suppressor that is secreted into extracellular space as an exosomal cargo protein. The objective of this study was to investigate the uptake and tumor-suppressive pathways of exosome-associated GKN1 protein in gastric epithelial cells.
methodsImmunofluorescent and Western blot analysis were used to investigate gastric-specific uptake of HFE-145-derived exosomes. Binding affinity of HFE-145 derived exosomes with integrin proteins was examined using protein microarray chip. Tumor suppressor activities of exosome-carrying GKN1 protein were analyzed using transwell co-culture, MTT assay, BrdU incorporation, immunoprecipitation, and Western blot analysis.
resultsHFE-145-derived exosomes were internalized only into HFE-145 gastric epithelial cells and gastric cancer cells. Gastric-specific uptake of stomach-derived exosomes required integrin α6 and αX proteins. Clathrin and macropinocytosis increased the uptake of exosomes into gastric epithelial cells, whereas caveolin inhibited the uptake of exosomes. Transwell co-culture of AGS cells with HFE-145 cells markedly inhibited viability and proliferation of AGS cells. Following uptake of HFE-145-derived exosomes in recipient cells, GKN1 protein bound to HRas and inhibited the binding of HRas to b-Raf and c-Raf which subsequently downregulated HRas/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways in AGS, MKN1 cells, and MKN1-derived xenograft tumor tissues. In addition, exosomal GKN1 protein suppressed both migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
conclusionsGastric-specific uptake of exosomes derived from gastric epithelial cells requires integrin α6 and αX proteins in both gastric epithelial cells and exosomes. Exosomal GKN1 protein inhibits gastric carcinogenesis by downregulating HRas/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.