ReviewNeurosurgical review2021
Spinal cord stimulation programming: a crash course.
Review in Neurosurgical review, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- State of the Art in Neuromodulation or Spinal Cord Stimulation Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Next-Generation SCS Programming Platform: Enhancing ECAP Fidelity and Objectivity to Improve Patient Experience.Pain and therapy · 2026Article
- The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) Evidence-Based Consensus Recommendations on Programming and Coding Implantable Spinal Cord Stimulation Devices for Treatment of Chronic Intractable Pain.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- First Objective Evidence Characterizing Differences in Cervical and Thoracic Spinal Cord Neurophysiology Using ECAP-Controlled Closed-Loop Technology.Pain and therapy · 2025Article
- Overlapping mechanisms of epidural spinal cord stimulation for pain control and movement recovery.Current opinion in neurology · 2025Review
- Machine learning predicts spinal cord stimulation surgery outcomes and reveals novel neural markers for chronic pain.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Potential of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Treating Spinal Cord Injury.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Occipital nerve stimulation for cluster headache: lessons to learn from the 'voltage tuners'.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Clinical neurophysiology in the treatment of movement disorders: IFCN handbook chapter.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Review
- Neuromodulation techniques - From non-invasive brain stimulation to deep brain stimulation.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Review
- Temporary trigeminal ganglion stimulation can improve zoster-related trigeminal neuralgia: a retrospective study in a single center.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- An optimization framework for targeted spinal cord stimulation.Journal of neural engineering · 2023Article
- Optimization of closed-loop electrical stimulation enables robust cerebellar-directed seizure control.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Changes in quantitative sensory testing and patient perspectives following spinal cord stimulation for persistent spinal pain syndrome: An observational study with long-term follow-up.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2022Observational
- Current Strategies for the Management of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2022Review
- A New Direction for Closed-Loop Spinal Cord Stimulation: Combining Contemporary Therapy Paradigms with Evoked Compound Action Potential Sensing.Journal of pain research · 2021Article
- The Evoked Compound Action Potential as a Predictor for Perception in Chronic Pain Patients: Tools for Automatic Spinal Cord Stimulator Programming and Control.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this comprehensive review is to provide an instructional guide for providers regarding the parameters and programming of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) devices. Knowing these fundamentals will aid in providing superior pain relief to patients. SCS has four programmable parameters: contact (electrode) selection, amplitude, pulse width, and frequency. Each parameter needs to be accounted for when assessing which program works for which patient. Traditional open-loop systems allow for different "programs," or combinations of these four parameters, to be pre-set by the provider and medical device representative. These allow for flexibility in the type of stimulation delivered to the patient depending on activity. Patients are also given control over programs and changing the amplitudes of these programs. However, some open-loop systems place the burden of toggling between programs to manage pain control on patients, though this tends to be less in subparesthesia programs. Newer closed-loop systems make it possible for stimulation settings to automatically adjust in response to accelerometry and evoked compound action potential feedback, and therefore have the potential to streamline the patient experience. This article provides practitioners with the basic knowledge of SCS parameters and programming systems. Understanding their use is essential to providing optimal pain relief to patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.