ArticlePharmaceutics2020
Optimized Icariin Phytosomes Exhibit Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis-Inducing Activities in Ovarian Cancer Cells.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and In Vivo Evaluation of QbD-Assisted Squalene-based Luliconazole Entrapped Ethosomal Gel for the Skin Fungal Infection.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Integrating Quality by Design (QbD) in Phytosomal Drug Delivery: A New Era in Precision Phytotherapy.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- Porous PLGA microspheres for the inhalation delivery of icariin and miR-23b in the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Article
- Phytosome-Enhanced Secondary Metabolites for Improved Anticancer Efficacy: Mechanisms and Bioavailability Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Phytosomes Nanocarrier with Insight Towards the Future in Cancer Therapy: A Mini-Review.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Phytosomes-Unraveling the Unique Properties of Plant-Derived Nanotechnological Drug Delivery Systems: A Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Fabrication of Phytosome with Enhanced Activity ofInternational journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Application of Quercetin and its Novel Formulations in the Treatment of Malignancies of Central Nervous System: An Updated Review of Current Evidence based on Molecular Mechanisms.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Andrographolide nanophytosomes exhibit enhanced cellular delivery and pro-apoptotic activities in HepG2 liver cancer cells.Drug delivery · 2023Article
- Overview of phytosomes in treating cancer: Advancement, challenges, and future outlook.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Cordycepin- melittin nanoconjugate intensifies wound healing efficacy in diabetic rats.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- Multidisciplinary strategies to enhance therapeutic effects of flavonoids from Epimedii Folium: Integration of herbal medicine, enzyme engineering, and nanotechnology.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2023Review
- Icariin as a potential anticancer agent: a review of its biological effects on various cancers.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Boosting curcumin activity against human prostatic cancer PC3 cells by utilizing scorpion venom conjugated phytosomes as promising functionalized nanovesicles.Drug delivery · 2022Article
- Optimized 2-methoxyestradiol invasomes fortified with apamin: a promising approach for suppression of A549 lung cancer cells.Drug delivery · 2022Article
- Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Icariin ameliorates metabolic syndrome-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Article
- Review on Icariin as A Novel Medicaments to Confront Ovarian Cancer : Role of Icariin Against Ovarian Cancer.Galen medical journal · 2022Review
- Current update on anticancer effects of icariin: A journey of the last ten years.EXCLI journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2024-01-30Concerns/Issues about Image · Duplication of/in Image · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) is a flavonol glycoside that has pleiotropic pharmacological actions. It has cytotoxic effects against ovarian cancer cells and increases their chemosensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Phytosomes are identified for their potential in drug delivery of cytotoxic agents. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the potential enhancement of ICA cytotoxicity activity in OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells via its formulation in phytosomes. ICA-phytosomal formulation was optimized using a Box-Behnken design. Particle size, shape, and in vitro drug release were used to characterize the optimized formula. The optimized formulation exhibited enhanced in vitro drug release. ICA-phytosomes exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cells. Cell cycle analysis indicated accumulation of cells challenged with ICA-phytosomes in G2/M and pre-G1 phases. Staining of cells with annexin V indicated significant elevation of percentage cells with early and late apoptosis as well as total cell death. In addition, the formulation significantly disturbed mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular content of caspase 3. In addition, intracellular release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was enhanced by ICA-phytosomes. In conclusion, phytosome formulation of ICA significantly potentiates its cytotoxic activities against OVCAR-3 cells. This is mediated, at least partly, by enhanced ICA cellular permeation, apoptosis, and ROS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.