ReviewExperimental neurology2020
Microglia and macrophage metabolism in CNS injury and disease: The role of immunometabolism in neurodegeneration and neurotrauma.
Review in Experimental neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 180 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
180 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 286 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research Progress on Anti-Inflammatory Adipokine SFRP5-Mediated Lipid Metabolism and Its Potential Role in Neural Development.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Pooled it
- Biomaterial-mediated delivery of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients for spinal cord injury: a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Nitric oxide and traumatic brain injury.Medical gas research · 2027Review
- Dynamic metabolic programming of monocyte-derived cells defines immunity in CNS disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Pro-inflammatory microglia drive escalated alcohol consumption during early abstinence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Tamoxifen Modulates Spinal Cord Injury Repair Via CCL2/CCR2 Axis and its Mechanisms.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Immunometabolic reprogramming in multiple sclerosis: from pathogenic amplifier to therapeutic target in neuroinflammation and remyelination.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Acupuncture regulates mitochondrial homeostasis in traumatic brain injury: current evidence, mechanistic hypotheses, and translational challenges.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Microglia: A New Frontier for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Temporin-GHaR6R Peptide Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing Microglial M1 Polarization and Mitochondrial Dynamics Dysfunction.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Brain-muscle axis regulation of neuroinflammation and sarcopenia in Parkinson's disease: the bridging role of lactylation.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- The Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in the Crosstalk Between Oxidative Stress and M1/M2 Microglial Polarization Following Ischemic Stroke.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Depletion of microglial compensation in glial network: Disease-associated response dynamics in the revised amyloid hypothesis.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Review
- Nanomedicines and stroke: Advantages in chronic inflammation treatment and neural regeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Hotspots and trends of microglia in ischemic stroke: A bibliometric analysis from 1998 to 2024.Medicine · 2026Article
- Integrated Transcriptomic and Spatial Analyses Associate M2-like Myeloid Signatures with Neuroimmune Remodeling in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Lactate metabolism links reactive microglia, amyloid pathology, and Aβ dynamics.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- ACSL1-Dependent Microglial Lipoimmunometabolic Reprogramming Underlies Cognitive Deficits in Alcohol Use Disorder.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
120 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Innate immune responses, particularly activation of macrophages and microglia, are increasingly implicated in CNS disorders. It is now appreciated that the heterogeneity of functions adopted by these cells dictates neuropathophysiology. Research efforts to characterize the range of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes and functions adopted by microglia and macrophages are fueled by the potential for inflammatory cells to both exacerbate neurodegeneration and promote repair/disease resolution. The stimulation-based, M1/M2 classification system has emerged over the last decade as a common language to discuss macrophage and microglia heterogeneity across different fields. However, discontinuities between phenotypic markers and function create potential hurdles for the utility of the M1/M2 system in the development of effective immunomodulatory therapeutics for neuroinflammation. A framework to approach macrophage and microglia heterogeneity from a function-based phenotypic approach comes from rapidly emerging evidence that metabolic processes regulate immune cell activation. This concept of immunometabolism, however, is only beginning to unfold in the study of neurodegeneration and has yet to receive much focus in the context of neurotrauma. In this review, we first discuss the current views of macrophage and microglia heterogeneity and limitations of the M1/M2 classification system for neuropathological studies. We then review and discuss the current literature supporting metabolism as a regulator of microglia function in vitro. Lastly, we evaluate the evidence that metabolism regulates microglia and macrophage phenotype in vivo in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.