ReviewAnnual review of pathology2021
Lethal Infectious Diseases as Inborn Errors of Immunity: Toward a Synthesis of the Germ and Genetic Theories.
Review in Annual review of pathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monogenic etiologies of persistent human papillomavirus infections: A comprehensive systematic review.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2024Pooled it
- Antibacterial action mechanisms and mode of trypsin inhibitors: a systematic review.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2022Pooled it
- Human inherited RORγT deficiency encompasses genetic heterogeneity, T cell deficiency, and clinical homogeneity.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Human small non-coding tRNA-derived fragments as key hallmarks of host-virus interaction in viral infections.Cell & bioscience · 2026Review
- Genetic Determinants of T-Cell Homeostasis in Critical Illness: An Exploratory Analysis of Immune Gene Variants and TREC Dynamics.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Toward a monogenic architecture of human infections: From 1996 to 2026.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- Why Are Some Children More Sick Than Others? Lessons From Genome-wide Association Studies of Respiratory Viral Infections.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2026Article
- Investigating the Impact of Host Genetics on the Risk of Disease Progression in Individuals With Influenza.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- The Spectrum of Bacterial Infection in a Large Cohort of Chinese Pediatric Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Nine-year, Retrospective, Single-center Study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- An mRNA-based broad-spectrum antiviral inspired by ISG15 deficiency protects against viral infections in vitro and in vivo.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Distinct molecular characteristics and virulence profiles of carbapenem-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Pathogen Adaptation of HLA Alleles and Its Correlation with Autoimmune Diseases in the Han Chinese.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2025Article
- The monogenic landscape of human infectious diseases.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Antiviral immunity lassoed down by excess RNA.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal profile of an optimal host response to virus infection in the primate central nervous system.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- CNS disease associated with enhanced type I interferon signalling.The Lancet. Neurology · 2024Review
- The Microbe, the Infection Enigma, and the Host.Annual review of microbiology · 2024Review
- Review
- A genome-wide association study of adults with community-acquired pneumonia.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Insights into the genetic theory of infectious diseases.La Tunisie medicale · 2024Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
It was first demonstrated in the late nineteenth century that human deaths from fever were typically due to infections. As the germ theory gained ground, it replaced the old, unproven theory that deaths from fever reflected a weak personal or even familial constitution. A new enigma emerged at the turn of the twentieth century, when it became apparent that only a small proportion of infected individuals die from primary infections with almost any given microbe. Classical genetics studies gradually revealed that severe infectious diseases could be driven by human genetic predisposition. This idea gained ground with the support of molecular genetics, in three successive, overlapping steps. First, many rare inborn errors of immunity were shown, from 1985 onward, to underlie multiple, recurrent infections with Mendelian inheritance. Second, a handful of rare and familial infections, also segregating as Mendelian traits but striking humans resistant to other infections, were deciphered molecularly beginning in 1996. Third, from 2007 onward, a growing number of rare or common sporadicinfections were shown to result from monogenic, but not Mendelian, inborn errors. A synthesis of the hitherto mutually exclusive germ and genetic theories is now in view.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.