ArticleNature communications2020
Imaging small molecule-induced endosomal escape of siRNA.
Article in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- RNA therapeutics: current status and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Delivering Degradation: Nanomedicine and Programmable Proximity Platforms for Targeted Protein Degradation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Stimulus-Responsive Polymeric Carriers for Gene Delivery: Balancing Endosomal Escape with Nucleic Acid Release.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Identification of a cell subpopulation with different response to lipid nanoparticles and effect of protein corona on uptake and transfection.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Review
- Mechanisms and Strategies for Enhancing DNA Nuclear Entry in Gene Delivery.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2026Article
- Visualization of Endosomal Escape of Intracellularly Delivered Protein With Unexpected Photochemical Internalization of Trypan Blue.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Naked antisense oligonucleotides remain endolysosomally sequestered despite induced membrane damage.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Super-Resolution Structured Illumination Microscopy to Study Endocytosis and Cellular Nanoparticle Uptake.ACS nano · 2026Review
- Lipid nanoparticles for bone marrow-targeted RNA therapeutics.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Functional role of Galectin-9 in nucleic acid trafficking and transcription post-electrotransfection.NAR molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Polysaccharide-functionalized gold, silver, and iron oxide nanoparticles for siRNA delivery: The role of artificial intelligence in design and optimization.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- RNA-Based Therapies for Inherited Metabolic Disorders.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2026Review
- Advancing the Landscape of RNAi Nanotherapeutics for Ischemic Heart Disease.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Hepatocyte-Targeted Drug Delivery Strategies for Chronic Hepatitis B: Overcoming Delivery Barriers Toward Functional Cure.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Delivery of siRNA and Chloroquine Through an Aspherical, Nanostructured Microparticle for Passive Targeting of Alveolar Macrophages and Inhibition of Local TNF-α Secretion.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Staufen dsRNA-binding domain as modules to design bifunctional antibodies for siRNA delivery.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Review
- The Nanoparticle Delivery Gap in Immune Cell Engineering: From Uptake to Endosomal Escape.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Review
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a new class of promising therapeutic molecules that can be used for sequence-specific downregulation of disease-causing genes. However, endosomal entrapment of siRNA is a key hurdle for most delivery strategies, limiting the therapeutic effect. Here, we use live-cell microscopy and cytosolic galectin-9 as a sensor of membrane damage, to probe fundamental properties of endosomal escape of cholesterol-conjugated siRNA induced by endosome-disrupting compounds. We demonstrate efficient release of ligand-conjugated siRNA from vesicles damaged by small molecules, enhancing target knockdown up to ∼47-fold in tumor cells. Still, mismatch between siRNA-containing and drug-targeted endolysosomal compartments limits siRNA activity improvement. We also show widespread endosomal damage in macroscopic tumor spheroids after small molecule treatment, substantially improving siRNA delivery and knockdown throughout the spheroid. We believe the strategy to characterize endosomal escape presented here will be widely applicable, facilitating efforts to improve delivery of siRNA and other nucleic acid-based therapeutics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.