ArticleJournal of anatomy2020
The bronchial tree of the human embryo: an analysis of variations in the bronchial segments.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Morphometric analysis of postnatal lung development in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica): An ultrastructural study.Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2026Article
- Human cerebral arterial morphogenesis explored by 3D microscopic imaging of cleared embryos: Bridging the gap between embryonic and adult anatomy.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Computerized chest radiograph analysis of air distribution after surfactant treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in extremely preterm infants.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Development of the pulmonary vasculature in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)-3D reconstruction by microcomputed tomography.Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2025Article
- Superimposed Wavefront Imaging of Diffraction-enhanced X-rays: sparsity-aware CT reconstruction from limited-view projections.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2025Article
- Phase-contrast visualization of human tissues using superimposed wavefront imaging of diffraction-enhanced x-rays.Medical physics · 2024Article
- Bronchial tree of the human embryo: Examination based on a mammalian model.Journal of anatomy · 2024Article
- Morphogenesis of the pulmonary vein and left atrial appendage in human embryos and early fetuses.Journal of anatomy · 2024Article
- 3D reconstruction of the bronchial tree of the Gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) in the postnatal period.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Transmural pressure signals through retinoic acid to regulate lung branching.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Article
- Three-Dimensional Analysis of Human Laryngeal and Tracheobronchial Cartilages during the Late Embryonic and Early Fetal Period.Cells, tissues, organs · 2022Article
- Analysis of bronchial and vascular patterns in left upper lobes to explore the genesis of mediastinal lingular artery and its influence on pulmonary anatomical variation.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2021Article
- Three-dimensional reconstruction of testis cords/seminiferous tubules.Reproductive medicine and biology · 2021Review
- Bronchial tree of the human embryo: Categorization of the branching mode as monopodial and dipodial.PloS one · 2021Article
- The bronchial tree of the human embryo: an analysis of variations in the bronchial segments.Journal of anatomy · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A classical study has revealed the general growth of the bronchial tree and its variations up to Carnegie stage (CS) 19. In the present study, we extended the morphological analysis CS by CS until the end of the embryonic period (CS23). A total of 48 samples between CS15 and CS23 belonging to the Kyoto Collection were used to acquire imaging data by performing phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography. Three-dimensionally reconstructed bronchial trees revealed the timeline of morphogenesis during the embryonic period. Structures of the trachea and lobar bronchus showed no individual difference during the analyzed stages. The right superior lobar bronchus was formed after the generation of both the right middle lobar bronchus and the left superior lobar bronchus. The speed of formation of the segmental bronchi, sub-segmental bronchi, and further generation seemed to vary among individual samples. The distribution of the end-branch generation among five lobes was significantly different. The median branching generation value in the right middle lobe was significantly low compared with that of the other four lobes, whereas that of the right inferior lobe was significantly larger than that of both the right and left superior lobes. Variations found between CS20 and CS23 were all described in the human adult lung, indicating that variation in the bronchial tree may well arise during the embryonic period and continue throughout life. The data provided may contribute to a better understanding of bronchial tree formation during the human embryonic period.
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