ArticlePharmacoEconomics - open2021
Do Rural Residents in China Understand EQ-5D-5L as Intended? Evidence From a Qualitative Study.
Article in PharmacoEconomics - open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differences and common ground in the frameworks of health-related quality of life in traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine: a systematic review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024Pooled it
- Patient Preferences in Targeted Pharmacotherapy for Cancers: A Systematic Review of Discrete Choice Experiments.PharmacoEconomics · 2023Pooled it
- China Health Related Outcomes Measures (CHROME): Development of a New Generic Preference-Based Measure for the Chinese Population.PharmacoEconomics · 2022Pooled it
- Challenges with interviewer administration of EQ-5D questionnaires in a large-scale population survey in China: a qualitative analysis.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Lost in Translation? A Scoping Review to Explore the Translation and Cultural Adaptation of Preference-Based Measures of Quality of Life.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Article
- Health-related quality of life among injured farmers in rural Vietnam: an analysis using EQ-5D-5 L.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Assessment of health-related quality of life of patients with gout and hyperuricemia in the Tianjin area according to the SF-6Dv2 scale.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- EQ-5D-Y-3L population norms for children in Mainland China derived from a national survey 2023-2024.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Article
- The psychometric performance of the EQ-5D-5L composite and component items in the U.S. General population and by age group.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Measuring health-related quality of life: a qualitative study of mental health patients' experiences of impacts of mental health issues.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2025Article
- Translation, cultural adaptation, and content validation of the Hong Kong Chinese version of Self-completion Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT-SCT4) for care service users.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Article
- The EQ-5D and EQ-HWB fit the perceptions of quality of life from a Chinese perspective: a concept mapping study.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Article
- The generic version of China Health Related Outcomes Measures (CHROME-G): psychometric testing and comparative performance with the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2 among the Chinese general population.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Can items derived from international literature be used in national quality of life instruments? A qualitative study conceptualising the EQ-HWB in China.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2024Article
- China Health Related Outcomes Measures (CHROME): development of a descriptive system to support cardiovascular disease specific preference-based measure for the Chinese population.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Comparing EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in measuring the HRQoL burden of 4 health conditions in China.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2023Article
- Validating the Well-Being of Older People (WOOP) Instrument in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Incorporating productivity loss in health economic evaluations: a review of guidelines and practices worldwide for research agenda in China.BMJ global health · 2022Review
- 'Like holding the axe on who should live or not': adolescents' and adults' perceptions of valuing children's health states using a standardised valuation protocol for the EQ-5D-Y-3L.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Rural population's preferences matter: a value set for the EQ-5D-3L health states for China's rural population.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe 5-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) has been increasingly used in China to measure the health status of the general population and patients. However, its content validity among rural residents in China has not been formally evaluated. This qualitative study aims to assess the content validity of EQ-5D-5L among rural Chinese.
methodsParticipants were recruited from four regions (North, South, East and West) across China. Eligible participants were those living in the rural area in last three years and making a living by agricultural operations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Interview transcripts were analysed to assess the comprehensibility, relevance, clarity and comprehensiveness.
resultsSixty-two participants were included, comparable to the national figures regarding age, sex and education. For comprehensibility, participants could understand the 'mobility', 'self-care' and 'usual activities' domains well, but some reported confusions in 'pain/discomfort' (n = 42) and 'anxiety/depression' (n = 35). Some also reported difficulties in understanding anxiety (n = 6) and depression (n = 9), possibly due to the formal wording used. For relevance, all domains were reported as health-related and participants' responses were based on their own health. For clarity, all could distinguish the five levels, but suggestions on reducing response levels and alternative wording for 'slight' were raised. For comprehensiveness, two aspects (fatigue/energy and appetite) were raised beyond the EQ-5D-5L domains. The 'mobility' domain was selected as the most important and 'anxiety/depression' as the least important.
conclusionRural Chinese reported problems on the content validity of Chinese EQ-5D-5L. It might be sensible to consider some revisions to make it more understandable for rural residents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.