ArticleKnee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA2021
There are isoheight points that measure constant femoral condyle heights along the knee flexion path.
Article in Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sagittal femoral condylar shape varies along a continuum from spherical to ovoid: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2023Pooled it
- Iso-height axis correlates with collateral ligament balance in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Investigation of Characteristic Motion Patterns of the Knee Joint During a Weightbearing Flexion.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2023Article
- Articulation of the femoral condyle during knee flexion.Journal of biomechanics · 2022Article
- Multi-planar instability, laxity and reduced knee flexion during the support phase of walking are determinants of return to sports.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Physiological articular contact kinematics and morphological femoral condyle translations of the tibiofemoral joint.Journal of biomechanics · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeIt is a challenge to evaluate the maintenance of medial and lateral soft tissue balance in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to determine the "isoheight" points and the "isoheight" axis (IHA) that can measure constant medial/lateral condyle heights during flexion of the knee, and compare the IHA with two major anatomical axes, the transepicondylar axis (TEA) and the geometric center axis (GCA).
methodsTwenty-two healthy human knees were imaged using a combined MRI and dual fluoroscopic imaging system while performing a single-legged lunge (0°-120°). The isoheight points of the medial and lateral femoral condyles were defined as the locations with the least amount of changes in heights during the knee flexion; an IHA is the line connecting the medial and lateral isoheight points. The measured changes of the condyle heights using the IHA were compared with those measured using the TEA and GCA.
resultsOverall, the IHA was posterior and distal to the TEA, and anterior to the GCA. The isoheight points measured condyle height changes within 1.2 ± 2.3 mm at the medial and 0.7 ± 3.3 mm at the lateral sides during the knee flexion. Between 0° and 45°, the condyle height changes measured using the GCA (medial: 3.0 ± 1.8 mm, lateral: 2.3 ± 2.0 mm) were significantly larger than those of the IHA and the TEA (p < 0.05). Between 90° and 120°, the changes of the condyle heights measured using the TEA (medial: 5.3 ± 1.8 mm, lateral: 3.3 ± 1.8 mm) were significantly larger than those of the IHA and GCA (p < 0.05).
conclusionThere are isoheight points in the medial and lateral femoral condyles that can measure constant heights along the full range of knee flexion and could be used to formulate an "isoheight" axis (IHA) of the femur. The condyle height changes measured by the TEA and GCA were greater than the IHA measurements along the flexion path. These data could be used as a valuable reference to evaluate the condyle height changes after TKA surgeries and help achieve soft tissue balance and optimal knee kinematics along the flexion path. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
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