ArticleNature biotechnology2020
Rapid discovery and evolution of orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-tRNA pairs.
Article in Nature biotechnology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application and progress of synthetic biology technology in amino acid production.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2026Review
- Cold Orthogonal Translation: A Psychrophilic Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase Boosts Genetic Code Expansion in E. coli.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Fluorescent non-canonical amino acid as a site-specific conformational probe of prion formation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Selecting aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs for efficient genetic encoding of noncanonical amino acids into proteins.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- EHMN 2026: A Thermodynamically Refined, SBML-Standardised Human Metabolic Network for Genome-Scale Analysis and QSP Integration.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Co-Translational Incorporation of (Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Purification of post-transcriptionally modified tRNAs for enhanced cell-free translation systems.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Engineered orthogonal translation systems from metagenomic libraries expand the genetic code.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Aminoacyl-tRNA Specificity of a Ligase Catalyzing Non-ribosomal Peptide Extension.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Genetic Code-Locking Confers Stable Virus Resistance to a Recoded Organism.Biochemistry · 2025Article
- Efficient genetic code expansion without host genome modifications.Nature biotechnology · 2025Article
- Residue-Specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids in Auxotrophic Hosts:Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Direct and quantitative analysis of tRNA acylation using intact tRNA liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Nature protocols · 2025Review
- Automated orthogonal tRNA generation.Nature chemical biology · 2025Article
- Monitoring monomer-specific acyl-tRNA levels in cells with PARTI.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Article
- Substrate recognition by a peptide-aminoacyl-tRNA ligase.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Expanding the genetic code: In vivo approaches for incorporating non-proteinogenic monomers.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- BeyondChemical reviews · 2025Review
- Pyrrolysine Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase as a Tool for Expanding the Genetic Code.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A central challenge in expanding the genetic code of cells to incorporate noncanonical amino acids into proteins is the scalable discovery of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS)-tRNA pairs that are orthogonal in their aminoacylation specificity. Here we computationally identify candidate orthogonal tRNAs from millions of sequences and develop a rapid, scalable approach-named tRNA Extension (tREX)-to determine the in vivo aminoacylation status of tRNAs. Using tREX, we test 243 candidate tRNAs in Escherichia coli and identify 71 orthogonal tRNAs, covering 16 isoacceptor classes, and 23 functional orthogonal tRNA-cognate aaRS pairs. We discover five orthogonal pairs, including three highly active amber suppressors, and evolve new amino acid substrate specificities for two pairs. Finally, we use tREX to characterize a matrix of 64 orthogonal synthetase-orthogonal tRNA specificities. This work expands the number of orthogonal pairs available for genetic code expansion and provides a pipeline for the discovery of additional orthogonal pairs and a foundation for encoding the cellular synthesis of noncanonical biopolymers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.