ReviewEmerging microbes & infections2020
Colistin and its role in the Era of antibiotic resistance: an extended review (2000-2019).
Review in Emerging microbes & infections, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06650384 (Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of N-Acetylcysteine Versus Alpha-Lipoic Acid on the Occurrence and Severity of Colistin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Critically Ill Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 413 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of N-Acetylcysteine Versus Alpha-Lipoic Acid on the Occurrence and Severity of Colistin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Critically Ill Patients
Who cites it
413 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 712 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global trends and research profile of antibiotic heteroresistance: a bibliometric and visual analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Drug-resistantClinical microbiology reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of different polymyxin-containing regimens for the treatment of pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of colistin resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics and Renal Safety Evaluation of Colistin Methanesulfonate Sodium in Korean Healthy Male Volunteers: An Open-Label, Multiple-Dose Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Natural molecule potentiates colistin efficacyVirulence · 2026Article
- Piperine reverses colistin resistance in multidrug resistant Gram-negative pathogens by membrane disruption and ROS damage.Virulence · 2026Article
- Disruption ofVirulence · 2026Article
- A functionally selectedApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Distribution and Genome Epidemiological Characteristics ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Characterisation ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Transposon insertion sequencing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa identifies multiple intersecting pathways essential for extreme colistin resistance.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Deciphering synergistic killing mechanisms of capsaicin combined with colistin against colistin-resistantBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Time-resolved proteomic adaptation of multidrug-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Acquired mutations in transcriptional regulatorAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Mapping the resistance landscape: A large-scale study of polymyxin-resistant pathogens circulating in low-and middle-income countries.Research square · 2026Article
- Overview of Colistin Resistance in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- MCR-3 and MCR-9 confer species-specific increases in colistin MICs.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2026Article
- Molecular and phenotypic profiles of carbapenem- and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the fecal microbiota of pediatric patients with COVID-19.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
353 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital available and effective antibiotics, including; broad-spectrum penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams, such as; carbapenems, monobactam, and cephalosporins; often fail to fight MDR Gram-negative pathogens as well as the absence of new antibiotics that can defeat these "superbugs". All of these has prompted the reconsideration of old drugs such as polymyxins that were reckoned too toxic for clinical use. Only two polymyxins, polymyxin E (colistin) and polymyxin B, are currently commercially available. Colistin has re-emerged as a last-hope treatment in the mid-1990s against MDR Gram-negative pathogens due to the development of extensively drug-resistant GNB. Unfortunately, rapid global resistance towards colistin has emerged following its resurgence. Different mechanisms of colistin resistance have been characterized, including intrinsic, mutational, and transferable mechanisms.In this review, we intend to discuss the progress over the last two decades in understanding the alternative colistin mechanisms of action and different strategies used by bacteria to develop resistance against colistin, besides providing an update about what is previously recognized and what is novel concerning colistin resistance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.