ReviewThe Journal of infection2020
The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm' in COVID-19.
Review in The Journal of infection, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 9 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,655 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Tocilizumab Versus Methylprednisolone in the Cytokine Release Syndrome of Patients With COVID-19. A Prospective Randomized Controlled Phase II Trial
An Open Label Trial of Transfusion of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) to Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19
Does Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Have A Role in Resistant Cytokine Storm State Of COVID-19 Infection?
Effect of Collagen-Polyvinylpyrrolidone for the Treatment of Hyperinflammation and the Pulmonary Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients. Double Blind Placebo-controlled Pilot Trial
Investigating the Inflammatory Cytokines and Cytokine Storm Among Bangladeshi Patients With COVID-19: a Prospective, Observational Study
Acute Estradiol and Progesterone Therapy in Hospitalized Adults to Reduce Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Severity: A Randomized Control Trial
Effectiveness of the Cytokine Hemadsorption on the Clinical Progression and Mortality of Intensive Care Patients With Sepsis
Randomized Controlled Trial on the Efficacy of Dexamethasone Versus Methyl Prednisolone in Covid-19 Infected Patients With High Oxygen Flow
A Phase II Study to Evaluate Oral Chlorophyllin in Hemorrhagic Cystitis Secondary to Radiation Therapy for Pelvic Malignancies
Who cites it
1,655 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,827 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methylprednisolone versus dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Long-Term Complications of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Adults Post-COVID-19: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Benefits of melatonin on mortality in severe-to-critical COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Pooled it
- Cognitive domains affected post-COVID-19; a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic and Epigenetic Determinants of COVID-19 Susceptibility: A Systematic Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2024Pooled it
- The role of fatty acid metabolism in acute lung injury: a special focus on immunometabolism.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Pooled it
- Comprehensive proteomics and meta-analysis of COVID-19 host response.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- A bidimensional early intervention strategy of standard of care in combination with corticosteroids in elderly patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 (BEAT-COV study): a multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Effect of Remote Ischaemic Conditioning on the Inflammatory Cytokine Cascade of COVID-19 (RIC in COVID-19): a Randomized Controlled Trial.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2024Trial
- Glycine by enteral route does not improve major clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19: a randomized clinical pilot trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Adhatoda vasica and Tinospora cordifolia extracts ameliorate clinical and molecular markers in mild COVID-19 patients: a randomized open-label three-armed study.European journal of medical research · 2023Trial
- Advances in nucleotide-based P2Y₁ antagonism: implications for cardiovascular therapeutics.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Review
- Vitamins impacting mental/physical well-being during viral pandemics: a mechanistic review based on COVID-19: a comprehensive review.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Interleukin-8 in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Xiangxue decoction in treating COVID-19 via HPLC‒Q-TOF‒MS/MS, network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Bone marrow hemophagocytosis in patients with hematological malignancies and COVID-19 infections: mimicry or secondary HLH?Journal of hematopathology · 2026Article
- Efficacy and optimal timing of sivelestat in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Biochemical insights and microRNA profiling via next-generation sequencing in moderate and severe COVID-19 cases.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- A Case of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death with Presumptive SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
1,595 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokine storm is an excessive immune response to external stimuli. The pathogenesis of the cytokine storm is complex. The disease progresses rapidly, and the mortality is high. Certain evidence shows that, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, the severe deterioration of some patients has been closely related to the cytokine storm in their bodies. This article reviews the occurrence mechanism and treatment strategies of the COVID-19 virus-induced inflammatory storm in attempt to provide valuable medication guidance for clinical treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.