ArticleDiabetes research and clinical practice2020
Tear biomarkers and corneal sensitivity as an indicator of neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.
Article in Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic Corneal Neuropathy as a Window Into Diabetic Foot Risk: A Large-Scale Association Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy on Corneal Sensitivity and Ocular Surface.Ophthalmic research · 2026Observational
- Corneal Sensitivity with the Non-contact Esthesiometer as Compared to the Cotton Wisp Test in Patients with Ocular Surface Diseases.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Functioning and Safety of the Non-Invasive Corneal Esthesiometer Brill: A Multicenter Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Tear matrix metalloproteinases-9 and ocular surface parameters in diabetics: a cross-sectional study in Shenyang, China.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Screening of pathologically significant diagnostic biomarkers in tears of thyroid eye disease based on bioinformatic analysis and machine learning.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Chronic Kidney Disease Has No Impact on Tear Film Substance P Concentration in Type 2 Diabetes.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Leukocyte glucose index as a novel biomarker for COVID-19 severity.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Potential underlying genetic associations between keratoconus and diabetes mellitus.Advances in ophthalmology practice and research · 2021Article
- Diabetic Corneal Neuropathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Body Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease-An Up-To-Date Overview.Biomedicines · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsExplore potential of 31 tear biomarkers involved in screening for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Assess the utility of aesthesiometry for measuring corneal damage in DPN and determine optimal cutoff point for detecting DPN.
methodsScreening test pilot study recruited 90 participants from a tertiary hospital in Lima, Peru. Participants were grouped by diabetes and neuropathy status. Tears collected on Schirmer strips, and proteins measured by both ELISA and multiplex-bead assay. Corneal sensitivity was measured by aesthesiometry, and DPN by vibration perception threshold testing.
resultsThere were 89 participants included in the analysis. The mean age was 55.7 ± 1.46, and 58.4% were female. MMP-9 and TGF-alpha concentrations were higher in participants with DPN versus diabetes alone, though not significant. Aesthesiometry was decreased in individuals with DPN when compared to participants with diabetes alone (p < 0.01) and normal controls (p < 0.01). Optimal cutoff point for aesthesiometry was found to be 5.8 cm, with 79% sensitivity and 75% specificity.
conclusionsTears are an insufficient standalone tool for detecting DPN based on the biomarkers analyzed. Aesthesiometry is a simple, inexpensive, and accurate method to assess corneal damage associated with moderate-severe DPN, and its integration into screening practices has potential to improve detection of DPN in poor-resource settings.
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Registered trials
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