ReviewCardiovascular research2021
Endothelial function in cardiovascular medicine: a consensus paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Groups on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Coronary Pathophysiology and Microcirculation, and Thrombosis.
Review in Cardiovascular research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 224 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
224 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 361 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review for the evidence of recommendations and guidelines in hybrid nuclear cardiovascular imaging.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Citrulline Supplementation Improves Microvascular Function and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Persistent endothelial dysfunction is associated with exercise intolerance in adults despite preserved myocardial work 3 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- The Role and Mechanism of Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Repair of Ischemic Heart Disease.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Microvascular endothelial function is blunted in postmenopausal females with frequent hot flushes.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Early atherogenesis: In search of etiology.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Review
- Microvascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction across the post-COVID-19 spectrum: a prospective observational case-control study.BMC medicine · 2026Observational
- Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Risk.Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- Age, rather than hypertension duration, drives coronary endothelial degradation: an in situ post-mortem analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Observational
- Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Stress Cardiomyopathy: At the Heart of the Problem.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Association Between Blood Cobalt Levels and Arteriovenous Fistula Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Multicenter Observational Study.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond Continuous-Flow: The Next Wave of Fully Implantable LVADs and Total Artificial Hearts.Current heart failure reports · 2026Review
- Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and physical activity associate with extracellular vesicle size and cargo in a community-based cohort of women.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular disease risk across subsectors and occupations in the transportation and storage industry: a national cohort study.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Automated analysis of zebrafish vascular networks using the VISTA-Z pipeline.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The effect of dapagliflozin on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus following PCI: a single-center prospective randomized controlled study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Hyperglycemia-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: From Classical Pathogenetic Mechanisms to Emerging Insights into ACE2 Protective Action.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Based on the gut-heart axis: Polygonum capitatum improves atherosclerosis by modulating gut microbiota and TMAO, supporting MCPIP1/p53-associated endothelial protection.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
164 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors at 20 institutions in 13 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are sentinels of cardiovascular health. Their function is reduced by the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, and is regained once pathological stimuli are removed. In this European Society for Cardiology Position Paper, we describe endothelial dysfunction as a spectrum of phenotypic states and advocate further studies to determine the role of EC subtypes in cardiovascular disease. We conclude that there is no single ideal method for measurement of endothelial function. Techniques to measure coronary epicardial and micro-vascular function are well established but they are invasive, time-consuming, and expensive. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial arteries provides a non-invasive alternative but is technically challenging and requires extensive training and standardization. We, therefore, propose that a consensus methodology for FMD is universally adopted to minimize technical variation between studies, and that reference FMD values are established for different populations of healthy individuals and patient groups. Newer techniques to measure endothelial function that are relatively easy to perform, such as finger plethysmography and the retinal flicker test, have the potential for increased clinical use provided a consensus is achieved on the measurement protocol used. We recommend further clinical studies to establish reference values for these techniques and to assess their ability to improve cardiovascular risk stratification. We advocate future studies to determine whether integration of endothelial function measurements with patient-specific epigenetic data and other biomarkers can enhance the stratification of patients for differential diagnosis, disease progression, and responses to therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.