ArticleMedicine2020
Clinical and sonographic features of nipple lesions.
Article in Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Congenital unilateral athelia associated with mammary Paget's disease, high-grade ductal carcinomaFrontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Case Report: A rare case of breast leiomyoma with literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Positive Margins in Breast-Conserving Surgery.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Application of a second opinion ultrasound in Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 4A cases: can immediate biopsy be avoided?The Journal of international medical research · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to present several cases of benign and malignant nipple lesions and contribute to diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
methodsA retrospective study was conducted on 13 patients. All of the patients were evaluated by ultrasonography, and 11 of them had pathological results. We analyzed the clinical and sonographic features.
resultsThere were 3 malignant lesions, 7 benign lesions, and 3 congenital nipple dysplasia, listed as follows:Malignant lesions (n = 3, 23%): Paget's disease (PD, n = 3, 23%). All of the patients with PD showed unilateral nipple erosion, discharge, and pain. The ultrasound showed abundant blood flow (n = 3, 23%); 2 patients (n = 2, 15%) had microcalcifications.Benign lesions (n = 7, 54%): Adenoma of the nipple (n = 2, 15%). One patient (n = 1, 8%) had nipple erosion and discharge. Two patients (n = 2, 15%) had a palpable nodule in the nipple. The ultrasound of both patients (n = 2, 15%) showed regular-shaped, clear border nodule with abundant blood flow (n = 2, 15%).Leiomyoma of the nipple (n = 1, 8%): This male patient was characterized by unilateral nipple enlargement and pain. The ultrasound showed a regular nodule with absent blood flow.Plasma cell mastitis (n = 2, 15%): Two patients showed unilateral nipple inversion and pain. One patient (n = 1, 8%) showed swollen and redness. The 2 patients showed a lesion in the gland around the nipple present as an irregular shape and unclear boundary hypoechoic mass.Nipple wart (n = 2, 15%): Two patients showed a unilateral soft exogenous neoplasm. Both of the patients showed a hypoechoic wart; the echo was similar to the nipple, the border was clear, and had no blood flow in the wart.Nipple Dysplasia (n = 3, 23%): Accessory nipple (n = 3, 23%). Two patients (n = 2, 15%) had accessory nipples in the subcoastal area, 1 patient (n = 1, 8%) in the areolar. All of the patients' sonographic features were the same as the nipple.The positive predict value (PPV) of the clinical symptoms: Erosion and discharge are both 75% (P < 0.05). The PPV of the US manifestations: irregular shape, indictinct margin, abundant blood flow, microcalcification, thicken skin in diagnosing malignant lesions are 60%,60%,60%,100%,100%, respectively (P < 0.05).
conclusionsThe characteristic sonographic features together with clinical symptoms contribute to the diagnosis of nipple lesions.
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