Observational studyJournal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis2020
Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Carotid Intimal Medial Thickness Progression.
Observational study in Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Small Dense Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol as a Prognostic Risk Factor in Premature Acute Coronary Syndrome with Multivessel Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Article
- Association of Mitochondrial DNA Levels in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes With Physical Performance in Older Adults.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
- An Apparent Association of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease with High Levels of Estimated Small Dense LDL Cholesterol in a Japanese Population.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Article
- Atherogenic index of plasma in stroke: A comprehensive review of its diagnostic, prognostic, and pathophysiological significance.World journal of clinical cases · 2026Review
- Assessment of the relationship between AHR, sdLDL, Klotho biomarkers, and etiologic subtypes in young to middle-aged acute ischemic stroke according to toast classification.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Examining the interplay between sdLDL, resistin, and BMI.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Discordance of Small Dense LDL Cholesterol Beyond LDL Cholesterol or Non-HDL Cholesterol and Carotid Plaque.JACC. Asia · 2025Article
- Article
- Effect of serum magnesium level on carotid intima media thickness in hemodialysis patients.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of NAFLD-related SNPs on the carotid atherosclerosis development; a five-year prospective observational study.Atherosclerosis plus · 2025Article
- Effects of Pemafibrate on Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes or Ischemic Heart Disease: A 24-Week Observational Study.Vascular health and risk management · 2025Observational
- Association between small dense low-density lipoprotein and carotid intima-media thickness.Journal of cardiovascular and thoracic research · 2024Review
- An increase in calculated small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol predicts new onset of hypertension in a Japanese cohort.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2023Article
- Prognostic Implication of Small Dense LDL-Cholesterol Levels following Acute Coronary Syndrome.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Diabetic dyslipidemia impairs coronary collateral formation: An update.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Kyushu and Okinawa Population Study (KOPS): a large prospective cohort study in Japan.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Carotid Atherosclerosis, Ultrasound and Lipoproteins.Biomedicines · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimThe association between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) levels and carotid intimal medial thickness (cIMT) progression has not been evaluated fully. We assessed specialized lipoproteins, including sdLDL-C, with regard to cIMT progression in a prospective observational study in Japan.
methodsPlasma total cholesterol, direct LDL-C, sdLDL-C, LDL-triglycerides (LDL-TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2-C, HDL3-C, triglycerides, Lp(a), and adiponectin were measured in 2,030 men and women (median age 59 years, free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and off cholesterol lowering medication). At both baseline and after a five-year follow-up, cIMT was assessed. Univariate, multivariate regression, and least square analyses were performed to examine the relationships between direct LDL-C, sdLDL-C, and other lipoproteins with cIMT progression.
resultsThe median cIMT at baseline was 0.63 mm and five-year progression was 0.18 mm. After adjustment for standard CVD risk factors, including age, gender, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-C, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension treatment, only direct LDL-C, sdLDL-C, and the sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio were associated with cIMT progression. Even in subjects with direct LDL-C ＜100 mg/dL, who were considered at low CVD risk, elevated sdLDL-C were associated with cIMT progression (P for trend=0.009) in a model with established CVD risk factors, although the sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio did not. Those correlations did not change by including triglycerides as a controlling factor or excluding premenopausal women from the analyzed population.
conclusionsSmall dense LDL-C has a stronger relationship with cIMT progression than LDL-C does; therefore, measuring sdLDL-C may allow for the formulation of optimal therapy for CVD prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.