ArticleNutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)2020
Early nutritional supplementation in non-critically ill patients hospitalized for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Rationale and feasibility of a shared pragmatic protocol.
Article in Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Vitamin D Deficiency Meets Hill's Criteria for Causation in SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility, Complications, and Mortality: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Risk of Malnutrition in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of COVID-19 and other infectious conditions requiring isolation on the provision of and adaptations to fundamental nursing care in hospital in terms of overall patient experience, care quality, functional ability, and treatment outcomes: systematic review.Journal of advanced nursing · 2022Pooled it
- The Role of Nutrition in COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity of Disease: A Systematic Review.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence and outcomes of malnutrition among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2021Pooled it
- Nutritional perspectives for the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19.Nutrition reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Could Vitamins Help in the Fight Against COVID-19?Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of nutritional support in patients with lower respiratory tract infection: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2021Trial
- Xenosialylation as immunological chimerism: a host-centered unifying model for viral and post-vaccination immune complications.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Impact of nutrition on long COVID.Sports medicine and health science · 2026Review
- Early enteral nutrition may reduce the incidence of refeeding syndrome for patients with severe corona virus disease 2019 and high nutritional risk.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Extracellular-to-total body water ratio is associated with comorbidity and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Early oral nutritional supplement improves COVID-19 outcomes among hospitalized older patients during the Omicron wave.Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2023Article
- The Prevalence and Predictors of Depressive, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms Among Tepi Town Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Ethiopia.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Impact of food insecurity and its influencing factors on the risk of malnutrition among COVID-19 patients.PloS one · 2023Article
- Cancer patients with COVID-19: does prior nutritional risk associated with cancer indicate a poor prognosis for COVID-19?Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2023Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown among Mettu town residents.PloS one · 2023Article
- Knowledge and behaviors of using vitamin D to boost immunity against COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia.Medicine · 2022Article
- Association of trace element status in COVID-19 patients with disease severity.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2022Article
- Nutritional parameters associated with prognosis in non-critically ill hospitalized COVID-19 patients: The NUTRI-COVID19 study.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesBeginning in December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a pneumonia epidemic that began in Wuhan, China, and is rapidly spreading throughout the whole world. Italy is the hardest hit country after China. Considering the deleterious consequences of malnutrition, which certainly can affect patients with COVID-19, the aim of this article is to present a pragmatic protocol for early nutritional supplementation of non-critically ill patients hospitalized for COVID-19 disease. It is based on the observation that most patients present at admission with severe inflammation and anorexia leading to a drastic reduction of food intake, and that a substantial percentage develops respiratory failure requiring non-invasive ventilation or even continuous positive airway pressure.
methodsHigh-calorie dense diets in a variety of different consistencies with highly digestible foods and snacks are available for all patients. Oral supplementation of whey proteins as well as intravenous infusion of multivitamin, multimineral trace elements solutions are implemented at admission. In the presence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficit, cholecalciferol is promptly supplied. If nutritional risk is detected, two to three bottles of protein-calorie oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are provided. If <2 bottles/d of ONS are consumed for 2 consecutive days and/or respiratory conditions are worsening, supplemental/total parenteral nutrition is prescribed.
conclusionWe are aware that our straight approach may be debatable. However, to cope with the current emergency crisis, its aim is to promptly and pragmatically implement nutritional care in patients with COVID-19, which might be overlooked despite being potentially beneficial to clinical outcomes and effective in preventing the consequences of malnutrition in this patient population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.