ArticleJournal of biomedical optics2020
Dependency of the optical scattering properties of human milk on casein content and common sample preparation methods.
Article in Journal of biomedical optics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surface engineered nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots for mechanistic understanding and advanced biosensing of antibiotic contaminants: a review.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Influence of sample-specific properties on light scattering by human milk.Biophotonics discovery · 2026Article
- Refractive index of milk fat globules and extracellular vesicles in human milk.Biophotonics discovery · 2026Article
- Monte Carlo simulation platform for laser Doppler flowmetry.Journal of biomedical optics · 2025Article
- The Refractive Index of Human Milk Serum: Natural Variations and Dependency on Macronutrient Concentrations.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the changes in human milk lipid composition and conformational state with Raman spectroscopy during a breastfeed.Biomedical optics express · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
significanceQuantifying human milk composition is important for daily nutritional management in neonatal intensive cares worldwide. Photonic solutions based on visible light can potentially aid in this analysis, as energy content of human milk depends largely on fat content, and the optical scattering properties of human milk predominantly depend on the size and concentration of fat globules. However, it is expected that human milk scattering changes upon homogenization, routinely done before analysis, which may affect fat globule size.
aimThe first aim of this study was to investigate how the most common homogenization methods (gently inverting by hand, vortexing, and sonication) affect the optical properties of human milk. The second aim was to estimate the scattering contribution of casein micelles, the second most dominant scatterers in human milk. APPROACH: We combined diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with spectroscopic optical coherence tomography to measure the scattering coefficient μs, reduced scattering coefficient μs', and anisotropy g between 450 and 600 nm.
resultsSonication induced the strongest changes in μs, μs', and g compared to the gently inverted samples (203%, 202%, and 7%, respectively, at 550 nm), but also vortexing changed μs' with 20%. Although casein micelles only showed a modest contribution to μs and g at 550 nm (7% and 1%, respectively), their contribution to μs' was 29%.
conclusionsThe scattering properties of human milk strongly depend on the homogenization method that is employed, and gentle inversion should be the preferred method. The contribution of casein micelles was relatively small for μs and g but considerably larger for μs'.
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