Membranes as the third genetic code.

Biological membranes and their compositions influence cellular function, age and disease states of organisms. They achieve this by effecting the outcome of bound enzymes/proteins and carbohydrate moieties. While the membrane-bound carbohydrates give rise to antigenicity, membranes impact the eventual outcome of protein structures that would function even outside their enclosure. This is achieved by membrane modulation of translational and post-translational protein folding. Thus, the eventual 3D structures and functions of proteins might not be solely dependent on their primary amino acid sequences and surrounding environments. The 3D protein structures would also depend on enclosing membrane properties such as fluidity, other intrinsic and extrinsic proteins and carbohydrate functionalities. Also, membranes moderate DNA activities with consequences on gene activation-inactivation mechanisms. Consequently, membranes are almost indispensable to the functioning of other cell compositions and serve to modulate these other components. Besides, membrane lipid compositions are also moderated by nutrition and diets and the converse is true. Thus, it could be argued that membranes are the third genetic codes. Suggestively, membranes are at the center of the interplay between nature and nurture in health and disease states.