Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32279201›Full record

ArticleEating and weight disorders : EWD2021

Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI): development and validation of a new measure of orthorexic symptomatology.

Crystal D Oberle, Alessandro S De Nadai, Aspen L Madrid

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In one paragraph

Article in Eating and weight disorders : EWD, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. Prevalence and determinants of orthorexia nervosa among Turkish adolescents.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025
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3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Crystal D OberleDepartment of Psychology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA. oberle@txstate.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-8706
Alessandro S De NadaiDepartment of Psychology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
Aspen L MadridDepartment of Psychology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
Texas State University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo overcome the problems associated with existing measures of orthorexia, we assessed the reliability and validity of a new measure: the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI).

methodAn online survey was completed by 847 people recruited from undergraduate nutrition and psychology courses and from advertisements in Facebook and Instagram targeting both healthy eaters (with keywords such as "clean eating" and "healthy eating") and normal eaters (with keywords such as "delicious food" and "desserts").

resultsExploratory factor analysis revealed three factors with 9 items assessing behaviors and preoccupation with healthy eating, 10 items assessing physical and psychosocial impairments, and 5 items assessing emotional distress. With this sample, all scales demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.88-0.90) and 2-week test-retest reliability (r = 0.86- 0.87). Consistent with past research, ONI scores were significantly greater among vegetarians and vegans, and among those with higher levels of disordered eating, general obsessive-compulsive tendencies, and compulsive exercise. Additionally, whereas ONI scores did not significantly differ between men and women, the scores were negatively correlated with body mass index.

conclusionThe ONI is the first orthorexia measure to include items assessing physical impairments that researchers and clinicians agree comprise a key component of the disorder. Additionally, at least for the current sample, the ONI is a reliable measure with expected correlations based on the past research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.

Indexed as

Feeding and Eating DisordersFeeding BehaviorCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth BehaviorHumansMaleReproducibility of ResultsDisordered eatingObsessive–compulsiveOrthorexia nervosaReliabilityValidity

Identifiers

PMID32279201
OpenAlexW3015393452

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.