Trial reportEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2021
Association between tDCS computational modeling and clinical outcomes in depression: data from the ELECT-TDCS trial.
Trial report in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05863494 (Toward Personalized Treatment of Chronic Pain Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Paired With Deep Learning), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Toward Personalized Treatment of Chronic Pain Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Paired With Deep Learning
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Challenges and future directions of transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2025Pooled it
- Outcome measures for electric field modeling in tES and TMS: A systematic review and large-scale modeling study.NeuroImage · 2023Pooled it
- An electric field modeling study with meta-analysis to understand the antidepressant effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)Pooled it
- Linking electric field directionality to treatment outcome in OCD: Insights from patient-specific tDCS modeling.Translational psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Multisession tDCS combined with intrastimulation training improves emotion recognition in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Trial
- White matter predicts tDCS antidepressant effects in a sham-controlled clinical trial study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Trial
- Cortical thickness is related to working memory performance after non-invasive brain stimulation.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2023Trial
- Machine learning and individual variability in electric field characteristics predict tDCS treatment response.Brain stimulationTrial
- Closed-Loop Neuromodulation for Brain Fatigue: From Real-Time Biomarkers to Adaptive Intervention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neuromodulation and cognition in late-life depression.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Physical Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression A Comprehensive Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Evidence Grading.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- Dose standardization for transcranial electrical stimulation: an accessible approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Neuroplastic effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS): from mechanisms to clinical trials.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
- Machine learning-optimized non-invasive brain stimulation and treatment response classification for major depression.Bioelectronic medicine · 2024Article
- Application of Transcranial Direct and Alternating Current Stimulation (tDCS and tACS) on Major Depressive Disorder.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Are we really targeting and stimulating DLPFC by placing transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) electrodes over F3/F4?Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Intermittent tetraburst stimulation combined with transcranial direct current stimulation once weekly for treatment-resistant depression: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- Template MRI scans reliably approximate individual and group-level tES and TMS electric fields induced in motor and prefrontal circuits.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2023Article
- MRI-Based Personalized Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Enhance the Upper Limb Function in Patients with Stroke: Study Protocol for a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Optimized APPS-tDCS electrode position, size, and distance doubles the on-target stimulation magnitude in 3000 electric field models.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation intervention investigated for the treatment of depression. Clinical results have been heterogeneous, partly due to the variability of electric field (EF) strength in the brain owing to interindividual differences in head anatomy. Therefore, we investigated whether EF strength was correlated with behavioral changes in 16 depressed patients using simulated electric fields in real patient data from a controlled clinical trial. We hypothesized that EF strength in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), brain regions implicated in depression pathophysiology, would be associated with changes in depression, mood and anxiety scores. SimNIBS were used to simulate individual electric fields based on the MRI structural T1-weighted brain scans of depressed subjects. Linear regression models showed, at the end of the acute treatment phase, that simulated EF strength was inversely associated with negative affect in the bilateral ACC (left: β = - 160.463, CI [- 291.541, - 29.385], p = 0.021; right: β = - 189.194, CI [- 289.479, - 88.910], p = 0.001) and DLPFC (left: β = - 93.210, CI [- 154.960, - 31.461], p = 0.006; right: β = - 82.564, CI [- 142.867, - 22.262], p = 0.011) and with depression scores in the left ACC (β = - 156.91, CI [- 298.51, - 15.30], p = 0.033). No association between positive affect or anxiety scores, and simulated EF strength in the investigated brain regions was found. To conclude, our findings show preliminary evidence that EF strength simulations might be associated with further behavioral changes in depressed patients, unveiling a potential mechanism of action for tDCS. Further studies should investigate whether individualization of EF strength in key brain regions impact clinical response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.