SynthesisNutrients2020
Immunological Outcomes of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Trained and Physically Active People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sports Dietitians Australia and Ultra Sports Science Foundation Joint Position Statement: A Practitioner Guide to the Prevention and Management of Exercise-Associated Gastrointestinal Perturbations and Symptoms.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Guideline
- Therapeutics effects of bovine colostrum applications on gastrointestinal diseases: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Immunological Outcomes of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Trained and Physically Active People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of acute bovine colostrum supplementation on immune responses to prolonged cycling: a randomised crossover trial.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- The effect of 12-week high-doseFrontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Functional Immunonutraceutical Supplementation Enhances Humoral and Innate Immune Dynamics in a Controlled Immune-Challenge Rabbit Model.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Review
- Clinical Applications of Bovine Colostrum in GastrointestinaI Disorders: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Exploring the impact of colostrum supplementation on athletes: a comprehensive analysis of clinical trials and diverse properties.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Bovine colostrum supplementation as a new perspective in depression and substance use disorder treatment: a randomized placebo-controlled study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Colostrum Proteins in Protection against Therapy-Induced Injuries in Cancer Chemo- and Radiotherapy: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Bioactive compounds, nutritional profile and health benefits of colostrum: a review.Food production, processing and nutrition · 2022Review
- Diverse Immune Effects of Bovine Colostrum and Benefits in Human Health and Disease.Nutrients · 2021Review
- The Use of Bovine Colostrum in Sport and Exercise.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Bovine Colostrum and Its Potential for Human Health and Nutrition.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
- Physical Activity and Nutritional Influence on Immune Function: An Important Strategy to Improve Immunity and Health Status.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bovine colostrum (BC) is a promising natural product applied to improve immunological functions. However, there is very little evidence on the true benefits of BC treatment on the immune function of trained and physically active people; moreover, there is no consensus on the supplementation strategy. For this reason, the aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effects of BC supplementation on immunological outcomes in physically active people. Data from 10 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of BC supplementation in athletes and physically active adults were analysed, involving 239 participants. The results show that BC supplementation has no or a fairly low impact on improving the concentration of serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG), lymphocytes and neutrophils, and saliva immunoglobulin (IgA) in athletes and physically active participants. Previous research has shown BC to reduce upper respiratory tract infections; nevertheless, there is a gap of scientific knowledge on the mechanisms underlying these effects. Future RCTs are needed to focus on finding these mechanisms, as well as on preparing a clear consensus on a BC supplementation strategy in trained athletes and the physically active population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.