ArticleAdvances in therapy2020
A Map of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Influenza Vaccine Uptake in the Medicare Fee-for-Service Program.
Article in Advances in therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drivers of and barriers to routine adult vaccination: A systematic literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Building and Sustaining Flu Vaccine Acceptance and Trust in the Black Community through Partnerships with Churches, Salons, and Barbershops.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Geographic Variation in Racial Disparities in Receipt of High-Dose Influenza Vaccine Among US Older Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Assessing barriers to access and equity for COVID-19 vaccination in the US.BMC public health · 2022Article
- An experimental study of the effects of messaging strategies on vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among Black Americans.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Correlates of influenza vaccination among underserved Latinx middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional survey.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Novel in-home COVID-19 vaccination program for vulnerable populations using public-private collaboration.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Article
- The Relationship Between the Global Burden of Influenza From 2017 to 2019 and COVID-19: Descriptive Epidemiological Assessment.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2021Article
- Racial and geographic disparities in influenza vaccination in the U.S. among individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Renewed importance in the setting of COVID-19.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2021Article
- Identifying Missed Opportunities for Routine Vaccination among People Who Use Drugs.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Influenza Vaccination among Underserved African-American Older Adults.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- Understanding and Promoting Racial Diversity in Healthcare Settings to Address Disparities in Pandemic Crisis Management.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
- Pharmacy deserts and patients with breast cancer receipt of influenza vaccines.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAArticle
- Social vulnerability and COVID-19: An analysis of CDC data.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDespite improved understanding of the risks of influenza and better vaccines for older patients, influenza vaccination rates remain subpar, including in high-risk groups such as older adults, and demonstrate significant racial and ethnic disparities.
methodsThis study considers demographic, clinical, and geographic correlates of influenza vaccination among Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS) beneficiaries in 2015-2016 and maps the data on a geographic information system (GIS) at the zip code level.
resultsAnalyses confirm that only half of the senior beneficiaries evidenced a claim for receiving an inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), with significant disparities observed among black, Hispanic, rural, and poorer beneficiaries. More extensive disparities were observed for the high-dose (HD) vaccine, with its added protection for older populations and confirmed economic benefit. Most white beneficiaries received HD; no non-white subgroup did so. Mapping of the data confirmed subpar vaccination in vulnerable populations with wide variations at the zip code level.
conclusionUrgent and targeted efforts are needed to equitably increase IIV rates, thus protecting the most vulnerable populations from the negative health impact of influenza as well as the tax-paying public from the Medicare costs from failing to do so.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.