ArticleJournal of thoracic disease2020
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on exhaled transforming growth factor-β and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Article in Journal of thoracic disease, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nocturnal Hypoxemia Burden Correlates With Vestibular Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery · 2026Article
- Review
- TGF‑β1 in obstructive sleep apnea: linking intermittent hypoxia, upper‑airway remodeling, and systemic comorbidities.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Review
- Research status and progress on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and pulmonary nodules.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical significance of serum interleukin-4, interleukin-12, interleukin-13, and transforming growth factor-β levels in children with sleep-disordered breathing.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Advances in Molecular Pathology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- PAI-1: A Major Player in the Vascular Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBoth transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are master regulators of airway remodeling; however, their pathological roles in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of TGF-β and VEGF protein in the serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) before and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in OSA patients.
methodsForty patients with moderate to severe OSA requiring CPAP and 20 healthy subjects were prospectively recruited. The concentrations of TGF-β and VEGF protein in the serum and EBC were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All OSA patients underwent a sleep study that was repeated 3 months after receiving CPAP therapy.
resultsProtein concentrations of TGF-β and VEGF in the serum did not differ between healthy controls and OSA patients before CPAP treatment. There was also no difference in the serum protein concentrations of TGF-β and VEGF of the OSA patients before and after CPAP treatment. However, both the TGF-β and VEGF protein concentrations in the EBC were higher in the OSA patients than those in control subjects, and recovered to normal levels after CPAP.
conclusionsSuccessful treatment of OSA by CPAP can restore the TGF-β and VEGF protein concentrations in the EBC.
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Registered trials
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