ArticleClinical pharmacology : advances and applications2020
Determination of the Permeation and Penetration of Flurbiprofen into Cadaveric Human Pharynx Tissue.
Article in Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Locally Applied Flurbiprofen in Sore Throat Treatment: A Scoping Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Role of In Vitro Tests in the Characterisation of Locally Applied, Locally Acting Drugs in the Throat: Application to Flurbiprofen.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Relationship between Pharmacokinetic Profile and Clinical Efficacy Data of Three Different Forms of Locally Applied Flurbiprofen in the Mouth/Throat.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Penetration of Flurbiprofen from a Locally Applied Sore Throat Lozenge and Spray into Cadaveric Human Pharynx Tissue: A Novel ex vivo Model and Microautoradiography Method.Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications · 2021Article
- Pain Symptoms in Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Literature Review.Journal of pain research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveFlurbiprofen 8.75 mg spray and lozenge have a rapid onset of action for sore throat relief, suggesting local action, although tissue penetration and the mechanism of local relief have not been determined. This investigation aimed to quantify the permeation and penetration of flurbiprofen, applied as local pharmaceutical forms, into full-thickness cadaveric human mucosal pharynx tissue, representing the clinical scenario as far as possible.
methodsA validated high-performance liquid chromatography method quantified the permeation and penetration of flurbiprofen (spray and lozenge formulations) into human cadaveric pharynx tissue using a micro Franz cell model mimicking physiological and anatomical conditions. Full-thickness mucosal pharynx tissue, consisting of oral epithelium, basement membrane, and lamina propria, was utilized to imitate the in vivo setting. Flurbiprofen was analyzed on the surface of the pharynx tissue, within the pharynx tissue and in receiver fluid, over 60 mins.
resultsFlurbiprofen was detected in receiver fluid from 10 mins following spray application and was quantifiable from 20 mins. Flurbiprofen from lozenge was detected from 10 mins and was above the limit of quantitation in receiver fluid from 40 mins. Flurbiprofen recovered from the surface of the pharynx tissue was 24.45% and 8.48% of applied dose for spray and lozenge, respectively. Flurbiprofen recovered within pharynx tissue was 46.50% and 54.65% of applied dose for spray and lozenge, respectively. For flurbiprofen lozenge, recovery within pharynx tissue was 6-fold higher relative to recovery from the pharynx tissue surface.
conclusionFlurbiprofen from spray and lozenge formulations penetrated human cadaveric pharynx tissue, indicating that flurbiprofen can reach all layers of the pharynx mucosal tissue, including the underlying lamina propria, which contains blood vessels and nerve fibers that contribute to pain during sore throat. This suggests that flurbiprofen may have a local mechanism of action for sore throat, although this has yet to be determined.
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