ArticleJournal of pain research2020
Nursing Education Intervention Effects on Pain Intensity of Nursing Home Residents with Different Levels of Cognitive Impairment: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in Journal of pain research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Algorithm-based pain management for people with dementia in nursing homes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Neuropathic Pain in Nursing Homes.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Article
- Nonpharmacological Pain Management for People With Dementia: A Scoping Review Mapping Research Gaps From a Pragmatic Lens.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Interviewer effects in a survey examining pain intensity and pain interference in nursing home residents.Age and ageing · 2022Article
- Identifying Frequently Used NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses, NOC Outcomes, NIC Interventions, and NNN Linkages for Nursing Home Residents in Korea.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePain management in nursing homes is challenging and pain prevalence remains high. The objective of this study was to improve the pain situation of nursing home residents following a nursing-related educational intervention within a cluster-randomized controlled trial (2016-2018).
participantsClusters were nursing homes from one nursing home operator in Bavaria, Germany. Nursing home residents who were permanently registered in the facilities, at least 60 years of age, and who themselves or their legal guardians provided informed consent were included.
interventionIn addition to the implementation of pain nurses and pain care assistants, staff of the intervention group received an educational intervention in pain management, containing classroom (quality circles) and web-based training for nurses.
methodsBased on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), residents were either interviewed (MMSE 10-30) using self-report instruments or observed (MMSE 0-9) by proxy assessment. The primary outcome in residents able to self-report was maximum pain intensity according to Brief Pain Inventory (BPI); in those not able to self-report treatment-relevant pain above cut-off (≥2) on the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD).
resultsOut of 20 randomly selected clusters, 9 nursing homes from the control, and 6 nursing homes from the intervention group participated. Multilevel linear (n=347 residents, MMSE 10-30) and logistic regression (n=222 residents, MMSE 0-9) analyses were conducted. Maximum pain intensity was higher after intervention (B=1.32, p<0.01), decreased with a better quality of life (B=-0.07, p<0.001), and was lower when dementia diagnoses were present (B=-1.12, p<0.01). PAINAD scores before and after intervention did not differ significantly (OR=0.89, p=0.724), but chances to exhibit treatment-related pain were higher with decreasing MMSE (OR=0.94, p<0.05).
conclusionWhile no significant positive intervention effect was measured, findings suggest nurses' raised awareness towards pain management. Overall results indicate that large-scale educational interventions seem to be less effective in complex nursing home settings without also including specific individual-based intervention measures.
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