ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2020
Medication Profile and Treatment Cost Estimation Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders in Indonesia.
Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Analysis of medical costs and two-model prediction for patients with severe mental disorders in Gansu Province, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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- Psychotropic medications: a descriptive study of prescription trends in Tabriz, Iran, 2021-2022.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
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- Strategies to prevent postoperative delirium: a comprehensive evaluation of anesthesia selection and drug intervention.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Curative care expenditure of outpatient anxiety disorder in Liaoning Province, 2015-2020-based on "System of Health Accounts 2011".Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Costs of psychotropics for outpatients with bipolar disorder in Japan; the MUSUBI 2016 survey.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Plasmatic Levels and Response to Variable Doses of Monthly Aripiprazole and Three-Month Paliperidone in Patients with Severe Schizophrenia. Treatment Adherence, Effectiveness, Tolerability, and Safety.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Article
- Preventive Medication Patterns in Bipolar Disorder and Their Relationship With Comorbid Substance Use Disorders in a Cross-National Observational Study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Perceptions, Knowledge, and Attitude Toward Mental Health Disorders and Their Treatment Among Students in an Indonesian University.Psychology research and behavior management · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe present retrospective study aimed to determine the medication profile and estimate the treatment costs from medical records of new outpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety disorders from a healthcare perspective at a national referral hospital in Indonesia from 2016 to 2018.
methodsMedical records (including medical and administrative data) of 357 new outpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, or anxiety disorders were collected from the hospital information system. The records of new outpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, or anxiety disorders aged >18 years and had only received drugs for treatment were included. The medication profile was descriptively assessed, and estimated costs were calculated based on direct costs from a healthcare perspective.
resultsOverall, 173 medical records were further analyzed. The main drugs administered to the new outpatients were atypical and typical antipsychotics for schizophrenia, atypical antipsychotics and mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder, antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics for depression, and antidepressants and benzodiazepines for anxiety disorders. The average annual treatment costs per patient were IDR 3,307,931 (USD 236) for schizophrenia, IDR 17,978,865 (USD 1,284) for bipolar disorder, IDR 1,601,850 (USD 114) for depression, and IDR 1,190,563 (USD 85) for anxiety disorders.
conclusionThe most commonly prescribed drugs for schizophrenia were haloperidol and risperidone; for bipolar disorders, sodium divalproex and risperidone; for depression, fluoxetine and sertraline; and for anxiety disorders, sertraline and lorazepam. Considering the high prevalence and estimated treatment costs for mental disorders, special attention is required to prevent an increase in their prevalence in Indonesia.
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