ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2020
O/W Nanoemulsion as an Adjuvant for an Inactivated H3N2 Influenza Vaccine: Based on Particle Properties and Mode of Carrying.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulating Membrane Surface Properties via Prewetting With Polysorbate 20 to Improve Sterile Filtration of Nanoemulsions.Biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Intranasal Delivery of HIV/SIV Antigens with NE/AS01B Adjuvants Enhances Cellular Immunity and Reduces Viral Loads in SHIV-Challenged Macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Tea saponin-soybean oil submicron emulsion promotes durable protective immunity againstFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Natural vaccine adjuvants from traditional Chinese medicines: Mechanisms to applications.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Nanotechnology-driven strategies for tilapia vaccines: Comparative evaluation of nanoemulsions and silica nanoparticles againstVeterinary world · 2025Review
- Harnessing Nanohybridized Niclosamide for Precision Mpox Therapeutics.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Nanotechnology-driven nanoemulsion gel for enhanced transdermal delivery ofFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- A Glance on Nanovaccine: A Potential Approach for Disease Prevention.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Review
- Preparation of graphene oxide-stabilized Pickering emulsion adjuvant for Pgp3 recombinant vaccine and enhanced immunoprotection againstFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Polycaprolactone based pharmaceutical nanoemulsion loaded with acriflavine: optimization andDrug delivery · 2022Article
- Nanoemulsions: Formulation, characterization, biological fate, and potential role against COVID-19 and other viral outbreaks.Colloid and interface science communications · 2021Review
- Nanovaccines against Animal Pathogens: The Latest Findings.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Nanoemulsions: The rising star of antiviral therapeutics and nanodelivery system-current status and prospects.Current opinion in colloid & interface science · 2021Review
- Virosome-based nanovaccines; a promising bioinspiration and biomimetic approach for preventing viral diseases: A review.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2021Review
- Self-Assembled Cationic-Covered Nanoemulsion as A Novel Biocompatible Immunoadjuvant for Antiserum Production AgainstPharmaceutics · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeAdjuvant can reduce vaccine dosage and acquire better immune protection to the body, which helps to deal with the frequent outbreaks of influenza. Nanoemulsion adjuvants have been proved efficient, but the relationship between their key properties and the controlled release which greatly affects immune response is still unclear. The present work explores the role of factors such as particle size, the polydispersity index (PDI), stability and the safety of nanoemulsions by optimizing the water concentration, oil phase and modes of carrying, to explain the impact of those key factors above on adjuvant effect.
methodsIsopropyl myristate (IPM), white oil, soybean oil, and grape-kernel oil were chosen as the oil phase to explore their roles in emulsion characteristics and the adjuvant effect. ICR mice were immunized with an emulsion-inactivated H3N2 split influenza vaccine mixture, to compare the nanoemulsion's adjuvant with traditional aluminium hydroxide or complete Freund's adjuvant.
resultsParticle size of all the nanoemulsion formed in our experiment ranged from 20 nm to 200 nm and did not change much when diluted with water, while the PDI decreased obviously, indicating that the particles tended to become more dispersive. Formulas with 80% or 85.6% water concentration showed significant higher HAI titer than aluminium hydroxide or complete Freund's adjuvant, and adsorption rather than capsule mode showed higher antigen delivery efficiency. As mentioned about oil phase, G (IPM), F (white oil), H (soybean oil), and I (grape-kernel oil) showed a decreasing trend in their adjuvant efficiency, and nanoemulsion G was the best adjuvant with smaller and uniform particle size.
conclusionEmulsions with a smaller, uniform particle size had a better adjuvant effect, and the adsorption mode was generally more efficient than the capsule mode. The potential adjuvant order of the different oils was as follows: IPM > white oil > soybean oil > grape-kernel oil.
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