ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2020
Cerebrospinal fluid endocannabinoid levels in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of cannabinoids in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders among children and adolescents: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Use of Medical Cannabis in Patients with Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome in a Real-World Setting.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2024Trial
- Endocannabinoid Modulation Using Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibition in Tourette Syndrome: A Phase 1 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.Pharmacopsychiatry · 2022Trial
- The Use of Cannabis-Based Medicine in Selected Neurological Disorders.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- The safety and efficacy of cannabinoids for the treatment of mental health and substance use disorders: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Case Report: Effect of medicinal cannabis on fitness to drive in a patient with Tourette Syndrome and ADHD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Clinical efficacy and effect on neurotransmitter levels of Shaoma Zhijing granules in children with tic disorders.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Abnormalities of iron homeostasis and the dopaminergic system in Tourette syndrome revealed by 7T MRI and PET.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Exploring acupuncture as a therapeutic approach for tic disorders: a review of current understanding and potential benefits.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Distinct serum endocannabinoid profiles in treatment-naïve Han Chinese children with ADHD: a case-control pilot study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Interactions Between Endocannabinoid and Endogenous Opioid Systems Prospectively Influence Postoperative Opioid Use in Pregnant Patients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- The Use of Compounds Derived fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Selected Mental Illnesses: Practical Approach and Overview of the Literature.Pharmacopsychiatry · 2024Review
- Convergent imaging-transcriptomic evidence for disturbed iron homeostasis in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Medicinal Cannabis for Paediatric Developmental, Behavioural and Mental Health Disorders.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Molecular Landscape of Tourette's Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Co-Occurrence of Tic Disorders and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Does It Reflect a Common Neurobiological Background?Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Motor-like Tics are Mediated by CBMolecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- A Pilot Study on Plasma and Urine Neurotransmitter Levels in Children with Tic Disorders.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Classical and Unexpected Effects of Ultra-Micronized PEA in Neuromuscular Function.Biomolecules · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the presence of motor and vocal tics as well as psychiatric comorbidities such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, and anxiety. The underlying cause of the disease is still unknown, but several lines of evidence suggest a paramount role of the dopaminergic system. Based on the clinical observation that cannabis-based medicine including cannabis and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, dronabinol) may improve TS, alternatively, an involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been suggested. In this study we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the two most important endocannabinoids "N"-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA, anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), the endocannabinoid-like molecule palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA), and the lipid arachidonic acid (AA) in a sample of adult patients with TS (n = 20) compared with controls (n = 19) using liquid-liquid lipid extraction and simultaneous quantification by liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring (LC/MRM). CSF levels of AEA (p = 0.0018), 2-AG (p = 0.0003), PEA (p = 0.02), and AA (p < 0.0001) were significantly increased in TS compared with controls. Levels of 2-AG correlated with the severity of comorbid ADHD (p < 0.01). This is the first study, demonstrating alterations in the ECS suggesting an involvement of this system in the pathophysiology of TS. It can be speculated that elevated endocannabinoid levels either represent secondary changes in order to compensate for alterations in other neurotransmitter systems such as the dopaminergic system, are simply an epiphenomenon or, alternatively, represent the primary cause of TS.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.