ReviewCell host & microbe2020
Env Exceptionalism: Why Are HIV-1 Env Glycoproteins Atypical Immunogens?
Review in Cell host & microbe, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoding epitope immunodominance in HIV Env using cryoEM and machine learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Unveiling an Immunological Mystery: Deciphering the Durability Divide in Vaccine-Elicited Antibody Responses.Current HIV research · 2026Review
- Beyond monotherapy: Combination therapies for HIV-1 cure through joint application of neutralizing antibodies, genome editing, and reservoir management.Infectious medicine · 2025Review
- Under the Radar: Immune Evasion, Pathogenesis and Control of HIV Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein: structure, function and interactions with neutralizing antibodies.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Bridging Viral Glycobiology and Lectin Biotechnology for Antiviral and Diagnostic Strategies.ACS bio & med chem Au · 2025Review
- Immunofocusing on the conserved fusion peptide of HIV envelope glycoprotein in rhesus macaques.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Immunofocusing on the conserved fusion peptide of HIV envelope glycoprotein in rhesus macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Antigen persistence and TLR stimulation contribute to induction of a durable HIV-1-specific neutralizing antibody response.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Clinical glycoproteomics: methods and diseases.MedComm · 2024Review
- Mosaic and mixed HIV-1 glycoprotein nanoparticles elicit antibody responses to broadly neutralizing epitopes.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Two-dose priming immunization amplifies humoral immunity by synchronizing vaccine delivery with the germinal center response.Science immunology · 2024Article
- The Question of HIV Vaccine: Why Is a Solution Not Yet Available?Journal of immunology research · 2024Review
- Two-dose "extended priming" immunization amplifies humoral immune responses by synchronizing vaccine delivery with the germinal center response.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Glycan heterogeneity as a cause of the persistent fraction in HIV-1 neutralization.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Conformational antigenic heterogeneity as a cause of the persistent fraction in HIV-1 neutralization.Retrovirology · 2023Article
- Germline-targeting HIV-1 Env vaccination induces VRC01-class antibodies with rare insertions.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Single-component multilayered self-assembling protein nanoparticles presenting glycan-trimmed uncleaved prefusion optimized envelope trimmers as HIV-1 vaccine candidates.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Essential role of an ERV-derived Env38 protein in adaptive humoral immunity against an exogenous SVCV infection in a zebrafish model.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Conformational antigenic heterogeneity as a cause of the persistent fraction in HIV-1 neutralization.Research square · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Recombinant HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins of ever-increasing sophistication have been evaluated as vaccine candidates for over 30 years. Structurally defined mimics of native trimeric Env glycoproteins (e.g., SOSIP trimers) present multiple epitopes for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and their germline precursors, but elicitation of bNAbs remains elusive. Here, we argue that the interactions between Env and the immune system render it exceptional among viral vaccine antigens and hinder its immunogenicity in absolute and comparative terms. In other words, Env binds to CD4 on key immune cells and transduces signals that can compromise their function. Moreover, the extensive array of oligomannose glycans on Env shields peptidic B cell epitopes, impedes the presentation of T helper cell epitopes, and attracts mannose binding proteins, which could affect the antibody response. We suggest lines of research for assessing how to overcome obstacles that the exceptional features of Env impose on the creation of a successful HIV-1 vaccine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.