ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2020
Upper and Lower Extremity Measurement of Tissue Sodium and Fat Content in Patients with Lipedema.
Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipedema: Progress, Challenges, and the Road Ahead.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Tissue Sodium in Patients With Early Stage Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Trial
- Randomized Crossover Trial of Low Sodium Dialysate on Tissue Sodium Accumulation in Hemodialysis.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Estimation of skin sodium content viaMagma (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- From Endometriosis to Lipedema: Toward a Neuroimmune Framework for Pain Amplification in Hormone-Sensitive Disorders.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Postoperative Seroma in Lipedema Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis of 93 Cases from a Single Surgical Team.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Observational
- Lipedema Reframed: AFS Framework for Surgical and Transdisciplinary Management.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Review
- Tissue Sodium Response to Complete Decongestive Therapy in Lower Extremity Lymphedema.Lymphatic research and biology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Partial Volume Correction Techniques for Sodium MRI of the Achilles Tendon.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Lipedema World Alliance Delphi Consensus-Based Position Paper on the Definition and Management of Lipedema: Results from the 2023 Lipedema World Congress in Potsdam.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Vascular changes and their implications in lipedema.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Lipedema as a hormone-sensitive stromal disorder: a four-pathway translational framework.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Breast Imaging Findings in Women with Lipedema: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- New Characterization of Lipedema Stages: Focus on Pain, Water, Fat and Skeletal Muscle.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Lipedema in Men: A Retrospective Case Series of Five Patients From a Brazilian Referral Center.Cureus · 2025Article
- An Advanced Pneumatic Compression Therapy System Improves Leg Volume and Fluid, Adipose Tissue Thickness, Symptoms, and Quality of Life and Reduces Risk of Lymphedema in Women with Lipedema.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Current diagnostic and quantitative techniques in the field of lymphedema management: a critical review.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Intermuscular adipose tissue accumulation is associated with higher tissue sodium in healthy individuals.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Response to "Comments on 'Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Edema in Lipedema Revealed by Noninvasive 3T MR Lymphangiography'".Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2024Article
- The effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on subcutaneous adipose tissue in females with lipedema.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study is to compare tissue sodium and fat content in the upper and lower extremities of participants with lipedema versus controls using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
methodsMRI was performed at 3.0 T in females with lipedema (n = 15, age = 43.2 ± 10.0 years, BMI = 30.3 ± 4.4 kg/m
resultsIn the calf, skin TSC (16.3 ± 2.6 vs. 14.4 ± 2.2 mmol/L, P = 0.04), muscle TSC (20.3 ± 3.0 vs. 18.3 ± 1.7 mmol/L, P = 0.03), and fat/water (1.03 ± 0.37 vs. 0.56 ± 0.21 ratio, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in participants with lipedema versus control participants. In the forearm, skin TSC (13.4 ± 3.3 vs. 12.0 ± 2.3 mmol/L, P = 0.2, Cohen's d = 0.50) and fat/water (0.65 ± 0.24 vs. 0.48 ± 0.24 ratio, P = 0.07, Cohen's d = 0.68) demonstrated moderate effect sizes in participants with lipedema versus control participants. Calf skin TSC was significantly correlated with pain (Spearman's rho = 0.55, P = 0.03) and disease stage (Spearman's rho = 0.82, P < 0.001) among participants with lipedema.
conclusionsMRI-measured tissue sodium and fat content are significantly higher in the lower extremities, but not upper extremities, of patients with lipedema compared with BMI-matched controls.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.