ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2020
Atorvastatin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles as eye drops: proposed treatment option for age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancing Treatment of Degenerative Eye Diseases at the Nanoscale.Smart medicine · 2026Review
- Reengineering statin therapy to protect skeletal muscle: nanocarrier strategies for mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction and myotoxicity.Inflammation and regeneration · 2026Review
- Advances in nanomedicine-based retinal drug delivery: mechanisms and translational applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- The Chemical Stability Characterization and Kinetics of Statins in Aqueous Cyclodextrin Ocular Preparations: A Formulation Perspective.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Recent advancements in polymer science for retinal diseases: New frontiers in drug delivery systems.APL bioengineering · 2025Article
- Review
- Utilization of Nanoparticles for Treating Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Recent Achievements and Perspectives in Smart Nano-in-Micro Platforms for Ocular Disease Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Management of Hypertension: Advancements and Challenges.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Innovative Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery Systems for Advanced Treatment of Posterior Segment Ocular Diseases.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Multifunctional nano-in-micro delivery systems for targeted therapy in fundus neovascularization diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Unveiling Statins and Genetics in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Coimbra Eye Study-Report 9.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Next generation therapeutics for retinal neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Review
- A Preliminary Report Regarding the Morphological Changes of Nano-Enabled Pharmaceutical Formulation on Human Lung Carcinoma Monolayer and 3D Bronchial Microtissue.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Effects of Statins: Promising Drug for Topical and Transdermal Administration.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Development of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Controlled Amiodarone Delivery.Methods and protocols · 2023Article
- Article
- Next-Generation Nanomedicine Approaches for the Management of Retinal Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) Prepared by Microwave and Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis: Promising Green Strategies for the Nanoworld.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Recent Options and Techniques to Assess Improved Bioavailability: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Methods.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Statins, widely prescribed for cardiovascular diseases, are also being eyed for management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Poor bioavailability and blood-aqueous barrier may however limit significant ocular concentration of statins following oral administration. We for the first time propose and investigate local application of atorvastatin (ATS; representative statin) loaded into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), as self-administrable eye drops. Insolubility, instability, and high molecular weight > 500 of ATS, and ensuring that SLNs reach posterior eye were the challenges to be met. ATS-SLNs, developed (2339/DEL/2014) using suitable components, quality-by-design (QBD) approach, and scalable hot high-pressure homogenization, were characterized and evaluated comprehensively for ocular suitability. ATS-SLNs were 8 and 12 times more bioavailable (AUC) in aqueous and vitreous humor, respectively, than free ATS. Three-tier (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo) ocular safety, higher corneal flux (2.5-fold), and improved stability (13.62 times) including photostability of ATS on incorporation in ATS-SLNs were established. Autoclavability and aqueous nature are the other highlights of ATS-SLNs. Presence of intact fluorescein-labeled SLNs (F-SLNs) in internal eye tissues post-in vivo application as eye drops provides direct evidence of successful delivery. Perinuclear fluorescence in ARPE-19 cells confirms the effective uptake of F-SLNs. Prolonged residence, up to 7 h, was attributed to the mucus-penetrating nature of ATS-SLNs. Graphical abstract.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.