ArticleJournal of human kinetics2020
What are the Limiting Factors During an Ultra-Marathon? A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature.
Article in Journal of human kinetics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Female trail running: a systematic scoping review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Pooled it
- Relationship of Carbohydrate Intake during a Single-Stage One-Day Ultra-Trail Race with Fatigue Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Problems: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- 24-Hour Ultra-Marathon Running: A Narrative Review of Performance Factors and Physiological Impacts.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Real-Time Performance Prediction in Long-Distance Trail Running: A Practical Model Based on Terrain Difficulty and Pacing Variability.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Human Resilience and Pain Coping Strategies: A Review of the Literature Giving Insights from Elite Ultra-Endurance Athletes for Sports Science, Medicine and Society.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Profiling measures of muscle strength and power throughout a 156 km ultra-trail running event.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Backyard running: Pushing the boundaries of human performance.European journal of sport science · 2024Article
- Limits of Ultra: Towards an Interdisciplinary Understanding of Ultra-Endurance Running Performance.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Are the Consumption Patterns of Sports Supplements Similar among Spanish Mountain Runners?Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- Could middle- and long-distance running performance of well-trained athletes be best predicted by the same aerobic parameters?Current research in physiology · 2022Review
- Effect of an Ultra-Endurance Event on Cardiovascular Function and Cognitive Performance in Marathon Runners.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Effects of Ultratrail Running on Neuromuscular Function, Muscle Damage and Hydration Status. Differences According to Training Level.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Influence of Psychological Factors on the Success of the Ultra-Trail Runner.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Inspiratory and Lower-Limb Strength Importance in Mountain Ultramarathon Running. Sex Differences and Relationship with Performance.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review aimed to analyse factors that limited performance in ultra-marathons and mountain ultra-marathons. A literature search in one database (PubMed) was conducted in February 2019. Quality of information of the articles was evaluated using the Oxford´s level of evidence and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The search strategy yielded 111 total citations from which 23 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty one of the 23 included studies had a level of evidence 2b (individual cohort study), while the 2 remaining studies had a level of evidence of 5 (expert opinion). Also, the mean score in the PEDro scale was 3.65 ± 1.61, with values ranging from 0 to 7. Participants were characterised as experienced or well-trained athletes in all of the studies. The total number of participants was 1002 (893 men, 86 women and 23 unknown). The findings of this review suggest that fatigue in ultra-endurance events is a multifactorial phenomenon that includes physiological, neuromuscular, biomechanical and cognitive factors. Improved exercise performance during ultra-endurance events seems to be related to higher VO
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.