ArticleScientific reports2020
Parity is associated with cognitive function and brain age in both females and males.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between reproductive history, white matter integrity, and cognition in post-menopausal Latina women from the Boston Latino Aging Study.Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2026Observational
- Early Adulthood Signatures of Motherhood in Brain Aging.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Epigenome-Wide DNA Methylation Levels During Pregnancy: Associations with Parity Across Diverse Populations.Epigenomes · 2026Article
- Women's midlife: the front line of Alzheimer prevention.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Abdominal CT-derived metabolic phenotypes are associated with the MRI-derived brain age gap in women.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding are associated with less later-life cognitive decline in a longitudinal, prospective cohort.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The association between reproductive factors and neurocognitive and neuroimaging markers of brain aging.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Caregiving is associated with lower brain age in humans.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2025Article
- Number of children and risk of dementia: a cohort study.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2025Article
- Protective role of parenthood on age-related brain function in mid- to late-life.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Number of children and dementia risk: a causal mediation analysis using data from the HUNT study linked with national registries in Norway.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Placental serotonergic system dysregulation is associated with early impairments in infant neurodevelopment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Previous parity differentially influences cognition in later life depending on dementia status.NPJ dementia · 2025Article
- Impact of the South African Child Support Grant on memory decline and dementia probability in rural and low-income mothers, 2014-2021.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Research Note: The Association Between Parity and Odds of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementias Status.Demography · 2024Article
- Higher Number of Children Is Associated With Increased Risk of Generalization Deficits in Older African American Women.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Enduring maternal brain changes and their role in mediating motherhood's impact on well-being.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Connections between reproductive health and cognitive aging among women enrolled in the HCHS/SOL and SOL-INCA.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Recalibration of the stress response system over adult development: Is there a perinatal recalibration period?Development and psychopathology · 2023Review
- Cellular and molecular signatures of motherhood in the adult and ageing rat brain.Open biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies of the association between parity and long-term cognitive changes have primarily focused on women and have shown conflicting results. We investigated this association by analyzing data collected on 303,196 subjects from the UK Biobank. We found that in both females and males, having offspring was associated with a faster response time and fewer mistakes made in the visual memory task. Subjects with two or three children had the largest differences relative to those who were childless, with greater effects observed in men. We further analyzed the association between parity and relative brain age (n = 13,584), a brain image-based biomarker indicating how old one's brain structure appears relative to peers. We found that in both sexes, subjects with two or three offspring had significantly reduced brain age compared to those without offspring, corroborating our cognitive function results. Our findings suggest that lifestyle factors accompanying having offspring, rather than the physical process of pregnancy experienced only by females, contribute to these associations and underscore the importance of studying such factors, particularly in the context of sex.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.