ArticleTobacco control2021
Taxation reduces smoking but may not reduce smoking disparities in youth.
Article in Tobacco control, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and network meta-analysis of population-level interventions to tackle smoking behaviour.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- Associations Between County-Level Vape-Free Air Law Coverage and E-Cigarette Use Behaviors Among U.S. Adolescents in Monitoring the Future.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2026Article
- SimSmoke simulation models distinguished by race/ethnicity: past and future trends and the potential role of policy.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2025Article
- Joint impact of cigarette taxes and smoke-free laws on youth cigarette smoking and related disparities in the USA.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Interaction Between State-Level Cigarette Prices and County-Level Tobacco 21 Coverage on Cigarette Smoking Outcomes Among US Adolescents.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2024Article
- Patterns of Birth Cohort‒Specific Smoking Histories by Race and Ethnicity in the U.S.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Summary and Concluding Remarks: Patterns of Birth Cohort‒Specific Smoking Histories.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Tobacco 21 laws may reduce smoking and tobacco-related health disparities among youth in the U.S.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- The association between smoking behaviors and prices and taxes per cigarette pack in the United States from 2000 through 2019.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Cigarette Pack Price and Its Within-Person Association With Smoking Initiation, Smoking Progression, and Disparities among Young Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Tobacco Taxation and Its Prospective Impact on Disparities in Smoking Initiation and Progression Among Young Adults.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study examines the extent to which cigarette taxes affect smoking behaviour and disparities in smoking among adolescents by gender, socioeconomic status (SES) and race/ethnicity.
methodsWe used US nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional data from the 2005 to 2016 Monitoring the Future study to evaluate the relationship between state cigarette taxes and past 30-day current smoking, smoking intensity, and first cigarette and daily smoking initiation using modified Poisson and linear regression models, stratified by grade. We tested for interactions between tax and gender, SES and race/ethnicity on the additive scale using average marginal effects.
resultsWe found that higher taxes were associated with lower smoking outcomes, with variation by grade. Across nearly all of our specifications, there were no statistically significant interactions between tax and gender, SES or race/ethnicity for any grades/outcomes. One exception is that among 12th graders, there was a statistically significant interaction between tax and college plans, with taxes being associated with a lower probability of 30-day smoking among students who definitely planned to attend college compared with those who did not.
conclusionWe conclude that higher taxes were associated with reduced smoking among adolescents, with little difference by gender, SES and racial/ethnicity groups. While effective at reducing adolescent smoking, taxes appear unlikely to reduce smoking disparities among youth.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.